-
1 egregius
ēgregius, a, um [ e + grex ]1) отличный, превосходный, блистательный, славный (civis C; victoria L; usus — magistere. PJ)e. moribus T и morum Cld — высоконравственныйloca egregia ad ancoras tenendas bAl — превосходные для якорной стоянки местаegregia in aliquem voluntas Cs — особое расположение к кому-л.2) особо предрасположенный (ad aliquid Ter, L)3) ( как титул в эпоху империи) высокородный или высокочтимый CTh -
2 facies
făcĭēs, ēi, f. - gén. sing. arch. facies, facii, facie -- gén. plur. facierum, Vulg. Cato. -- dat. plur. faciebus, Hier. [st1]1 [-] ce qui apparaît: aspect, apparence, air, forme; fausse apparence, prétexte. - verte omnis tete in facies, Virg. En. 12: prends toutes les formes possibles (recours à tous les expédients possibles). - in faciem montis, Virg.: en forme de montagne. - liberalis facies, Ter.: air distingué. - prima facie, Dig.: au premier aspect. - haec facies Trojae erat, Ov. Tr. 1: tel était l'aspect de Troie. - alicujus rei speciem accipere: prendre l'aspect de qqch. - colores prima facie duri, Sen.: couleurs dures au premier abord. - publici consilii facie (= specie), Tac. H. 2: sous prétexte de délibération publique. [st1]2 [-] figure, face, visage, mine, physionomie. - facies homini tantum, Plin.: l'homme seul a un visage. - nec faciem litore demovet, Hor. C. 4: il ne détourne pas la tête du rivage. - recta facie loqui, Juv. 6: parler la tête haute. - de facie noscere, Cic. Pis. 32: connaître de vue. - in facie vecordia inerat, Sall.: ses traits respiraient la démence. - perfricare faciem, Plin.: "frotter son front" (pour en chasser la rougeur), dépouiller toute honte, s'armer d'audace. [st1]3 [-] éclat, beauté, grâce. - facies Briseidos, la beauté de Briséis. - faciem quaerere, Prop.: viser à être belle, se parer. - virgo ipsa facie egregia, Ter.: la jeune fille est elle-même d'une beauté remarquable. [st1]4 [-] genre, espèce, sorte. - plures eloquentiae facies, Quint.: plusieurs genres d'éloquence. - ad istam faciem est morbus qui... Plaut.: telle est la maladie qui... [st1]5 [-] image, spectre, spectacle. - dirae facies, Virg.: d'horribles fantômes.* * *făcĭēs, ēi, f. - gén. sing. arch. facies, facii, facie -- gén. plur. facierum, Vulg. Cato. -- dat. plur. faciebus, Hier. [st1]1 [-] ce qui apparaît: aspect, apparence, air, forme; fausse apparence, prétexte. - verte omnis tete in facies, Virg. En. 12: prends toutes les formes possibles (recours à tous les expédients possibles). - in faciem montis, Virg.: en forme de montagne. - liberalis facies, Ter.: air distingué. - prima facie, Dig.: au premier aspect. - haec facies Trojae erat, Ov. Tr. 1: tel était l'aspect de Troie. - alicujus rei speciem accipere: prendre l'aspect de qqch. - colores prima facie duri, Sen.: couleurs dures au premier abord. - publici consilii facie (= specie), Tac. H. 2: sous prétexte de délibération publique. [st1]2 [-] figure, face, visage, mine, physionomie. - facies homini tantum, Plin.: l'homme seul a un visage. - nec faciem litore demovet, Hor. C. 4: il ne détourne pas la tête du rivage. - recta facie loqui, Juv. 6: parler la tête haute. - de facie noscere, Cic. Pis. 32: connaître de vue. - in facie vecordia inerat, Sall.: ses traits respiraient la démence. - perfricare faciem, Plin.: "frotter son front" (pour en chasser la rougeur), dépouiller toute honte, s'armer d'audace. [st1]3 [-] éclat, beauté, grâce. - facies Briseidos, la beauté de Briséis. - faciem quaerere, Prop.: viser à être belle, se parer. - virgo ipsa facie egregia, Ter.: la jeune fille est elle-même d'une beauté remarquable. [st1]4 [-] genre, espèce, sorte. - plures eloquentiae facies, Quint.: plusieurs genres d'éloquence. - ad istam faciem est morbus qui... Plaut.: telle est la maladie qui... [st1]5 [-] image, spectre, spectacle. - dirae facies, Virg.: d'horribles fantômes.* * *Facies, pen. cor. huius faciei, pen. prod. f. g. Plin. La face, Le visage, Viaire.\Facies. La forme et qualité, La stature, La grandeur et grosseur, La figure, La sorte, La facon.\- qua facie est homo? S. Sesquipede quidem est, quam tu, longior. Plau. De quelle apparence et stature?\Flaccida facies. Face passee. B.\Flammata facies. Senec. Visage enflambé de courroux.\Inscripta. Claud. Cauterisee, Marquee d'un fer chauld.\Prima facie. Caius. De prime face.\Vieta facies. Face passee. B.\Cogitare faciem alicuius. Cic. Penser à la face d'aucun.\A verbis facies dissidet ista tuis. Ouid. Ton visage ne se rapporte, et ne s'accorde à tes parolles.\Ad eam rem habeo omnem faciem. Plaut. Je me gouverneray en cest affaire tout ainsi que tu vouldras.\Mutatus faciem et ora. Virg. Qui a changé de face.\De facie aliquem noscere. Cic. Congnoistre de veue seulement.\Facies. Gell. La semblance de quelque chose que ce soit.\Saeua ac deformis tota vrbe facies. Tacit. Il faisoit laid et piteux veoir la ville.\Facies arboris. Plin. La figure ou sorte.\Loci facies. Tacit. La forme et figure.\In faciem montis curuata vnda circunstetit. Virg. Comme une montaigne, En forme de montaigne.\Facies pulueris. Gellius, Contusaque in pulueris faciem. En facon et maniere de pouldre.\Soloecismi faciem habere. Quintil. Resembler à, etc.\In faciem stagni. Tacit. En forme d'un estang.\Proximus dies faciem victoriae latius aperuit. Tacit. Quelle et combien estoit grande la victoire.\Immutata vrbis facies erat. Sallust. La contenance de la ville.\Vertere se in omnes facies. Virgil. Essayer tous moyens possibles. -
3 vero
[st1]1 [-] vērō, adv.: a - vraiment, à coup sûr, en vérité. - c'est bien celui qui; veron serio? Plaut. Truc. 302: vraiment, sérieusement ? cf. Plaut. Cas. 711. - adulescentulus, quem tu videre vero velles, Ter. 687: un jeune homme que tu voudrais voir à coup sûr. - hercle vero serio, Ter. Ad. 975: par Hercule, vraiment sérieusement, cf. Ter. Eun. 393. - magnifica vero vox, Cic. Off. 3, 1: mot admirable vraiment, cf. Cic. Off. 1, 89 ; 3, 1; 3, 34 ; 3, 99. - nec vero est quicquam... Cic. Off. 1, 150: et il n'y a vraiment rien... - haec ubi convenerunt, tune vero, Liv. 25, 8, 9: ces conventions faites, alors vraiment, alors décidément. - quasi vero, Cic. Div. 2, 27: comme si vraiment. - ironiquement multum vero haec eis jura profuerunt, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, 124: vraiment, ces droits lui ont été d'une grande utilité. - nisi vero: à moins que par hasard. - nisi vero existimatis dementem P. Africanum fuisse, Cic.: à moins que vous pensiez que Scipion l'Africain avait perdu la raison. - an vero? Cic. de Or. 1, 37: est-ce que vraiment? b - après forte ponctuation au vrai, de fait; la vérité c'est que. - Cic. Mil. 12 ; 15; Br. 269; Mur. 46 II et vero, Cic. Br. 165: et au vrai, et de fait, cf. Cic. Or. 136. - en tête d'une lettre ego vero, Cic. Att. 9, 9, 1: il est vrai que, cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 30, 1 c - dans l'intérieur d'une phrase, pour enchérir voire, voire même, et même. - et per se et per suos et vero etiam per alienos, Cic. Mur. 45: et par lui et par les siens et même vraiment par des étrangers, voire même par, cf. Cic. Off. 1, 147. - si quis esset aut si etiam umquam fuisset aut vero si esse posset, Cic de Or. 1, 76: cet homme, s'il existait, ou si même il avait jamais existé, voire, s'il pouvait exister [= allons même plus loin]. d - dans le dialogue oui. - dixi hercle vero, Plaut. Mil. 367: oui, parfaitement, je l'ai dit, cf. Plaut. Stich. 597; Cic. Br. 300; Off. 2, 71; 3, 55; 3, 97. - "in sententia permaneto" - "vero, nisi..." Cic. Mur. 65: "persiste dans ton sentiment" - "oui, vraiment, à moins que..." - minime vero (non vero): non, pas du tout. - num sermonem vestrum aliquem diremit noster interventus? --- 'minime vero', Africanus, Cic. Rep. 3, 44: est-ce que notre brusque arrivée aurait mis fin à votre conversation? — non, pas du tout, répondit Scipion. - domi pluresne praesunt negotiis tuis? --- immo vero unus, Cic.: à Rome, tes biens sont-ils entre les mains de plusieurs intendants? - non certes, je n'en ai qu'un seul. e - après un impératif donc, eh bien! - cape vero, Plaut. Bac. 1061: prends donc, prends seulement; prends, allons, voyons, cf. Plaut. Ep. 3 ; 723; Ter. Phorm. 435. [st1]2 [-] vērō, conj. de coord.: mais en vérité, mais; quant à. - souvent c. le gr. δέ. - ego vero sum paratus: quant à moi, je suis prêt. - tres jam copiarum partes Helvetios id flumen traduxisse, quartam vero partem citra flumen Ararim reliquam esse, Caes. BG. 1, 12, 2: [informé] que les Helvètes avaient fait traverser le fleuve aux trois quarts de leurs troupes, mais que (ou et que) un quart restait en deçà de l'Arar, cf. Cic. Div. 2, 22; 2, 145; Nat. 1, 52, etc. II mais en vérité, mais: Cic. Fin. 4, 7; Sest. 143; Tusc. I, 82; Caec. 3; Off. 2, 27. - Smyrnaei vero, Cic. Arch. 19: quant aux habitants de Smyrne, cf. Cic. Planc. 86; Rep. 1, 12, etc. [st1]3 [-] vēro, āre: - tr. - Enn. dire la vérité. [st1]4 [-] vĕro, ōnis, m. (c. veru]: A.-Vict. épée en plomb, fleuret.* * *[st1]1 [-] vērō, adv.: a - vraiment, à coup sûr, en vérité. - c'est bien celui qui; veron serio? Plaut. Truc. 302: vraiment, sérieusement ? cf. Plaut. Cas. 711. - adulescentulus, quem tu videre vero velles, Ter. 687: un jeune homme que tu voudrais voir à coup sûr. - hercle vero serio, Ter. Ad. 975: par Hercule, vraiment sérieusement, cf. Ter. Eun. 393. - magnifica vero vox, Cic. Off. 3, 1: mot admirable vraiment, cf. Cic. Off. 1, 89 ; 3, 1; 3, 34 ; 3, 99. - nec vero est quicquam... Cic. Off. 1, 150: et il n'y a vraiment rien... - haec ubi convenerunt, tune vero, Liv. 25, 8, 9: ces conventions faites, alors vraiment, alors décidément. - quasi vero, Cic. Div. 2, 27: comme si vraiment. - ironiquement multum vero haec eis jura profuerunt, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, 124: vraiment, ces droits lui ont été d'une grande utilité. - nisi vero: à moins que par hasard. - nisi vero existimatis dementem P. Africanum fuisse, Cic.: à moins que vous pensiez que Scipion l'Africain avait perdu la raison. - an vero? Cic. de Or. 1, 37: est-ce que vraiment? b - après forte ponctuation au vrai, de fait; la vérité c'est que. - Cic. Mil. 12 ; 15; Br. 269; Mur. 46 II et vero, Cic. Br. 165: et au vrai, et de fait, cf. Cic. Or. 136. - en tête d'une lettre ego vero, Cic. Att. 9, 9, 1: il est vrai que, cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 30, 1 c - dans l'intérieur d'une phrase, pour enchérir voire, voire même, et même. - et per se et per suos et vero etiam per alienos, Cic. Mur. 45: et par lui et par les siens et même vraiment par des étrangers, voire même par, cf. Cic. Off. 1, 147. - si quis esset aut si etiam umquam fuisset aut vero si esse posset, Cic de Or. 1, 76: cet homme, s'il existait, ou si même il avait jamais existé, voire, s'il pouvait exister [= allons même plus loin]. d - dans le dialogue oui. - dixi hercle vero, Plaut. Mil. 367: oui, parfaitement, je l'ai dit, cf. Plaut. Stich. 597; Cic. Br. 300; Off. 2, 71; 3, 55; 3, 97. - "in sententia permaneto" - "vero, nisi..." Cic. Mur. 65: "persiste dans ton sentiment" - "oui, vraiment, à moins que..." - minime vero (non vero): non, pas du tout. - num sermonem vestrum aliquem diremit noster interventus? --- 'minime vero', Africanus, Cic. Rep. 3, 44: est-ce que notre brusque arrivée aurait mis fin à votre conversation? — non, pas du tout, répondit Scipion. - domi pluresne praesunt negotiis tuis? --- immo vero unus, Cic.: à Rome, tes biens sont-ils entre les mains de plusieurs intendants? - non certes, je n'en ai qu'un seul. e - après un impératif donc, eh bien! - cape vero, Plaut. Bac. 1061: prends donc, prends seulement; prends, allons, voyons, cf. Plaut. Ep. 3 ; 723; Ter. Phorm. 435. [st1]2 [-] vērō, conj. de coord.: mais en vérité, mais; quant à. - souvent c. le gr. δέ. - ego vero sum paratus: quant à moi, je suis prêt. - tres jam copiarum partes Helvetios id flumen traduxisse, quartam vero partem citra flumen Ararim reliquam esse, Caes. BG. 1, 12, 2: [informé] que les Helvètes avaient fait traverser le fleuve aux trois quarts de leurs troupes, mais que (ou et que) un quart restait en deçà de l'Arar, cf. Cic. Div. 2, 22; 2, 145; Nat. 1, 52, etc. II mais en vérité, mais: Cic. Fin. 4, 7; Sest. 143; Tusc. I, 82; Caec. 3; Off. 2, 27. - Smyrnaei vero, Cic. Arch. 19: quant aux habitants de Smyrne, cf. Cic. Planc. 86; Rep. 1, 12, etc. [st1]3 [-] vēro, āre: - tr. - Enn. dire la vérité. [st1]4 [-] vĕro, ōnis, m. (c. veru]: A.-Vict. épée en plomb, fleuret.* * *Vero, Discretiua coniunctio: vt, Achilles quidem fortis suit, Vlysses vero astutus. Mais Ulysses estoit fin.\Ain'vero? Plaut. Une maniere de parler qu'on dit par courroux, Dis tu?\At vero nos. Cic. Mais nous aussi.\Aut vero. Cic. Ou aussi.\Ego vero. Une maniere de response. Cic. Quod scribis te audire me etiam mentis errore et dolore affici, mihi vero mens integra est. Certainement.\Quod laudas quia obliuisci me scripsi ante facta et dicta nostri amici, ego vero ita facio. Cic. Certainement je le fay ainsi.\Herus tuus vbi amabo est? TR. eia vero quasi non sit intus. Plaut. Voire vrayement comme s'il n'estoit point ceans.\Et vero. Cic. Tibi et fuit hoc semper facillimum, et vero esse debuit. Et certes.\Et vero etiam. Cic. Et illi ostendisti, et vero etiam mihi. Et certes à moy aussi.\Iam vero. Plin. Latifundia perdidere Italiam, iam vero et prouincias. Voire et desja.\Id vero. Terent. - sed eas fabulas factas prius Latinas scisse se se, id vero pernegat. Jehan cela il vous nie, ou C'est ce qu'il vous nie.\Ille vero, pro Imo vero, vel Ille etiam. Cic. Quid, inquies, remex ille de classe Coponii, non ne ea praedixit quae facta sunt? Ille vero et ea quidem quae eo tempore ne acciderent, timebamus. Mais qui plus est, cela aussi que, etc.\De Lepido vero, et Tullio, quod quaeris, illi vero non dubitant quin Caesari praesto futuri, in Senatumque venturi sint. Cic. Iceuls certainement ne, etc.\Ipse vero aer, qui natura maxime frigidus, minime est expers caloris: ille vero et multo quidem calore admistus. Cic. Mais.\Ita vero, Sane vero. Plautus. Terent. Parolles de mocquerie, Ouy vrayement, Ouy dea, Dieu scait que voire.\Mirum vero impudenter mulier si facit meretrix. Terent. Mais je vous prie que c'est une grande merveille si, etc. Par mocquerie.\Nisi vero existimatis, etc. Cic. Si d'adventure vous n'estimez, etc. Comme qui diroit, Je ne croy pas que vous estimiez, etc.\Sed ea vero sic agit, vt prorsus reticere nullo modo possit. Cic. Mais vrayement il fait, etc.\Tu vero. Terent. Quem tu vero videre velles Phaedria. Lequel certainement tu, etc.\Vero, in principio epistolae. Cic. Ego vero et tuum in discessu vidi animum, et meo sum ipse testis. J'ay certainement, etc.\Est vero probandum qui et summa voluntate cesserit, et egregia animi alacritate abfuerit. Cic. Mais que c'est bien chose à louer, de dire que celuy, etc. Dict par mocquerie.\Vero ironicôs, cum accusatiuo aliquando. Cic. Turpem vero actionem qua defenditur amplissimi authoritas ordinis contra crudelissimi gladiatoris amentiam. Mais que c'est une chose meschante de, etc.\Vero, Permittentis est, et concedentis. Cic. Orationes nobis veteres explicabis? Ego vero, inquam, Brute, sed in Cumano, etc. J'en suis content, je le vueil bien.\Quid igitur contra Brutum me dicturum putas? A. Tu vero, vt videtur: nam praefinire non est meum. Cic. Quant à toy, comme il te plaira.\Nec vero. Cic. Nihil porro igni vacuum videri potest, nec vero tangi quod careat solido. Ne aussi. -
4 conspiciens
1.con-spĭcĭo, spexi, spectum, 3, v. a. and n., to look at attentively, to get sight of, to descry, perceive, observe (class. in prose and poetry).I.Lit.A.In gen.(α).Absol.:(β).inter eas regiones, quā oculi conspiciant,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 9 Müll.:in tabernam,
Petr. 140, 14.—With acc.:(γ).me interrogas, Qui ipsus equidem nunc primum istanc tecum conspicio semul,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 122:quae aedes... quas quotiensquomque conspicio, fleo,
id. Capt. 1, 1, 29:si queat usquam Conspicere amissum fetum,
Lucr. 2, 358: quandoque te in jure conspicio, Leg. Act. ap. Cic. Caecin. 19, 54, and id. Mur. 12, 26:ut procul novum vehiculum Argonautarum e monte conspexit,
Cic. N. D. 2, 35, 89:quisque... quae prima signa conspexit, ad haec constitit,
Caes. B. G. 2, 21:quos cum apud se in castris Ariovistus conspexisset,
id. ib. 1, 47:ubi primum nostros equites conspexerunt,
id. ib. 4, 12;2, 26: sidus in regione caeli, etc.,
Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 94:qui lucus ex insulā conspiciebatur,
Nep. Milt. 7, 3:conspici inter se,
to be visible to one another, Liv. 37, 41, 4:cum inter se conspecti essent,
id. 33, 6, 4:hunc simulac cupido conspexit lumine virgo,
Cat. 64, 86:conspectis luminibus crebris,
Liv. 31, 24, 7:locum insidiis conspeximus ipsi,
Verg. A. 9, 237:quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,
Ov. M. 12, 526:super tabernaculum... unde ab omnibus conspici posset, imago Solis fulgebat,
Curt. 3, 3, 8:conspecto delatore ejus,
Suet. Dom. 11:rugas in speculo,
Ov. M. 15, 232:cornua in undā,
id. ib. 1, 640:arcem,
id. ib. 2, 794:scopulum,
id. ib. 4, 731.—Of an inanimate subject:si illud signum (Jovis) solis ortum et forum curiamque conspiceret,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20.—With two accus., when an action, condition, etc., is the object:quam (matrem) paucis ante diebus laureatam in suā gratulatione conspexit, eandem, etc.... eundem (filium) spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,
Cic. Mur. 41, 88:strata volgi pedibus detrita viarum Saxea,
Lucr. 1, 315:superiora loca multitudine armatorum completa,
Caes. B. G. 3, 3:quos laborantes,
id. ib. 4, 26:aliquos ex nave egredientes,
id. ib.:aliquem conspiciens ad se ferentem,
Nep. Dat. 4, 5:naves suas oppletas serpentibus,
id. Hann. 11, 6:(Hannibalem) humi jacentem,
Liv. 21, 4, 7:adrasum quendam,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 49; cf., pass.:quamvis non alius flectere equum sciens Aeque conspicitur,
id. C. 3, 7, 26:cum interim Metellus, monte degrediens cum exercitu, conspicitur,
Sall. J. 49, 5 dub.;v. conspicor: terribilior niger conspicitur (canis),
Col. 7, 12, 4.—With acc. and inf.:B.corpus ut exanimum siquod procul ipse jacere Conspicias hominis,
Lucr. 6, 706:qui nostros victores flumen transisse conspexerant,
Caes. B. G. 2, 24:centum procurrere currus,
Cato, 64, 389; Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45.—Pregn., to look at with admiration or close attention, to gaze upon, observe, contemplate.(α).Act.:(β).quid nunc supina sursum in caelum conspicis?
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 78:orabat, ne se, quem paulo ante cum egregiā stirpe conspexissent, orbum liberis facerent,
Liv. 1, 26, 9:Demetrium ut pacis auctorem cum ingenti favore conspiciebant,
id. 39, 53, 2:quem cum omnes conspicerent propter novitatem ornatūs ignotamque formam,
Nep. Dat. 3, 3:cum bene notum Porticus Agrippae te conspexerit,
Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 26.—Esp. pass.: conspici, to attract attention, to be conspicuous, noticed, observed, distinguished, admired:II.inania sunt ista... delectamenta paene puerorum, captare plausus, vehi per urbem, conspici velle,
Cic. Pis. 25, 60: in gestu nec [p. 436] venustatem conspiciendam, nec turpitudinem esse, Auct. Her. 3, 15, 26:sic quisque hostem ferire, murum adscendere, conspici dum tale facinus faceret, properabat,
Sall. C. 7, 6:supellex modica, non multa, ut in neutram partem conspici posset,
Nep. Att. 13, 5:quid te ut regium juvenem conspici sinis?
Liv. 1, 47, 5:maxime conspectus ipse est, curru equis albis juncto urbem invectus,
id. 5, 23, 5:vestitus nihil inter aequales excellens, arma atque equi conspiciebantur,
id. 21, 4, 8; 5, 52, 3; 39, 6, 9:quorum Conspicitur nitidis fundata pecunia villis,
Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 46:tu formosissimus alto Conspiceris caelo ( = inter deos versaris),
Ov. M. 4, 19:prima bonis animi conspicerere tui,
id. Tr. 1, 6, 34; Vell. 2, 91, 4; Quint. 11, 3, 137.—Less freq. in an unfavorable sense, to be notorious, to be gazed at with dislike or contempt:carere me adspectu civium quam infestis oculis omnium conspici mallem,
Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17: ne quid faciat, quod conspici et derideri posset, Aug. ap. Suet. Claud. 4.—Trop., to perceive mentally, to understand, comprehend:A.satis in rem quae sint meam ego conspicio mihi,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 10:quantum ego nunc corde conspicio meo,
id. Ps. 3, 1, 3; cf.:ut conspiciatis eum mentibus, quoniam oculis non potestis,
Cic. Balb. 20, 47:nullus error talis in L. Aemilio Paulo conspectus est,
Val. Max. 7, 5, 3.—Hence,conspĭcĭens, entis, P. a. (acc. to II. B.), having understanding, intelligent:B.ad quas (contumelias) despiciendas non sapiente opus est viro, sed tantum conspiciente,
Sen. Const. 16, 3 Haase (al. consipiente). —conspectus, a, um, P. a.1.(Acc. to I. A. 1.) Visible:2.tumulus hosti conspectus,
Liv. 22, 24, 5; cf. id. 10, 40, 8; 32, 5, 13:agmina inter se satis conspecta,
id. 22, 4, 6. —(Acc. to I. B.) Striking, distinguished, remarkable, gazed at, = conspicuus (perh. not ante-Aug.):C.Pallas chlamyde et pictis conspectus in armis,
Verg. A. 8, 588 (conspicuus, conspicabilis, Serv.); so,victor Tyrio in ostro,
id. G. 3, 17; cf. Hor. A. P. 228:juventus,
Ov. M. 12, 553:patris avique fama conspectum eum faciebat,
Liv. 45, 7, 3:conspectus elatusque supra modum hominis privati,
id. 4, 13, 3.— Comp., Ov. M. 4, 796; Liv. 2, 5, 5; Tac. H. 4, 11; Just. 11, 5; Juv. 8, 140 al.— Sup. and adv. apparently not in use.—conspĭcĭendus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I. B.), worth seeing, worthy of attention, distinguished (perh. not ante-Aug.):2.insideat celeri conspiciendus equo,
Tib. 1, 2, 70:Nemesis donis meis,
id. 2, 3, 52:Hyas formā,
Ov. F. 5, 170:mater formosa Inter Dictaeos greges,
id. ib. 5, 118:eques,
id. Tr. 2, 114:opus vel in hac magnificentiā urbis,
Liv. 6, 4, 11; Val. Fl. 1, 261; Mart. 9, 50, 10.conspĭcĭo, ōnis, f. [1. conspicio], the survey taken by the augur in fixing the limits of the templum, Varr. L. L. 7, § 9 Müll. -
5 conspicio
1.con-spĭcĭo, spexi, spectum, 3, v. a. and n., to look at attentively, to get sight of, to descry, perceive, observe (class. in prose and poetry).I.Lit.A.In gen.(α).Absol.:(β).inter eas regiones, quā oculi conspiciant,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 9 Müll.:in tabernam,
Petr. 140, 14.—With acc.:(γ).me interrogas, Qui ipsus equidem nunc primum istanc tecum conspicio semul,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 122:quae aedes... quas quotiensquomque conspicio, fleo,
id. Capt. 1, 1, 29:si queat usquam Conspicere amissum fetum,
Lucr. 2, 358: quandoque te in jure conspicio, Leg. Act. ap. Cic. Caecin. 19, 54, and id. Mur. 12, 26:ut procul novum vehiculum Argonautarum e monte conspexit,
Cic. N. D. 2, 35, 89:quisque... quae prima signa conspexit, ad haec constitit,
Caes. B. G. 2, 21:quos cum apud se in castris Ariovistus conspexisset,
id. ib. 1, 47:ubi primum nostros equites conspexerunt,
id. ib. 4, 12;2, 26: sidus in regione caeli, etc.,
Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 94:qui lucus ex insulā conspiciebatur,
Nep. Milt. 7, 3:conspici inter se,
to be visible to one another, Liv. 37, 41, 4:cum inter se conspecti essent,
id. 33, 6, 4:hunc simulac cupido conspexit lumine virgo,
Cat. 64, 86:conspectis luminibus crebris,
Liv. 31, 24, 7:locum insidiis conspeximus ipsi,
Verg. A. 9, 237:quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,
Ov. M. 12, 526:super tabernaculum... unde ab omnibus conspici posset, imago Solis fulgebat,
Curt. 3, 3, 8:conspecto delatore ejus,
Suet. Dom. 11:rugas in speculo,
Ov. M. 15, 232:cornua in undā,
id. ib. 1, 640:arcem,
id. ib. 2, 794:scopulum,
id. ib. 4, 731.—Of an inanimate subject:si illud signum (Jovis) solis ortum et forum curiamque conspiceret,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20.—With two accus., when an action, condition, etc., is the object:quam (matrem) paucis ante diebus laureatam in suā gratulatione conspexit, eandem, etc.... eundem (filium) spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,
Cic. Mur. 41, 88:strata volgi pedibus detrita viarum Saxea,
Lucr. 1, 315:superiora loca multitudine armatorum completa,
Caes. B. G. 3, 3:quos laborantes,
id. ib. 4, 26:aliquos ex nave egredientes,
id. ib.:aliquem conspiciens ad se ferentem,
Nep. Dat. 4, 5:naves suas oppletas serpentibus,
id. Hann. 11, 6:(Hannibalem) humi jacentem,
Liv. 21, 4, 7:adrasum quendam,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 49; cf., pass.:quamvis non alius flectere equum sciens Aeque conspicitur,
id. C. 3, 7, 26:cum interim Metellus, monte degrediens cum exercitu, conspicitur,
Sall. J. 49, 5 dub.;v. conspicor: terribilior niger conspicitur (canis),
Col. 7, 12, 4.—With acc. and inf.:B.corpus ut exanimum siquod procul ipse jacere Conspicias hominis,
Lucr. 6, 706:qui nostros victores flumen transisse conspexerant,
Caes. B. G. 2, 24:centum procurrere currus,
Cato, 64, 389; Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45.—Pregn., to look at with admiration or close attention, to gaze upon, observe, contemplate.(α).Act.:(β).quid nunc supina sursum in caelum conspicis?
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 78:orabat, ne se, quem paulo ante cum egregiā stirpe conspexissent, orbum liberis facerent,
Liv. 1, 26, 9:Demetrium ut pacis auctorem cum ingenti favore conspiciebant,
id. 39, 53, 2:quem cum omnes conspicerent propter novitatem ornatūs ignotamque formam,
Nep. Dat. 3, 3:cum bene notum Porticus Agrippae te conspexerit,
Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 26.—Esp. pass.: conspici, to attract attention, to be conspicuous, noticed, observed, distinguished, admired:II.inania sunt ista... delectamenta paene puerorum, captare plausus, vehi per urbem, conspici velle,
Cic. Pis. 25, 60: in gestu nec [p. 436] venustatem conspiciendam, nec turpitudinem esse, Auct. Her. 3, 15, 26:sic quisque hostem ferire, murum adscendere, conspici dum tale facinus faceret, properabat,
Sall. C. 7, 6:supellex modica, non multa, ut in neutram partem conspici posset,
Nep. Att. 13, 5:quid te ut regium juvenem conspici sinis?
Liv. 1, 47, 5:maxime conspectus ipse est, curru equis albis juncto urbem invectus,
id. 5, 23, 5:vestitus nihil inter aequales excellens, arma atque equi conspiciebantur,
id. 21, 4, 8; 5, 52, 3; 39, 6, 9:quorum Conspicitur nitidis fundata pecunia villis,
Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 46:tu formosissimus alto Conspiceris caelo ( = inter deos versaris),
Ov. M. 4, 19:prima bonis animi conspicerere tui,
id. Tr. 1, 6, 34; Vell. 2, 91, 4; Quint. 11, 3, 137.—Less freq. in an unfavorable sense, to be notorious, to be gazed at with dislike or contempt:carere me adspectu civium quam infestis oculis omnium conspici mallem,
Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17: ne quid faciat, quod conspici et derideri posset, Aug. ap. Suet. Claud. 4.—Trop., to perceive mentally, to understand, comprehend:A.satis in rem quae sint meam ego conspicio mihi,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 10:quantum ego nunc corde conspicio meo,
id. Ps. 3, 1, 3; cf.:ut conspiciatis eum mentibus, quoniam oculis non potestis,
Cic. Balb. 20, 47:nullus error talis in L. Aemilio Paulo conspectus est,
Val. Max. 7, 5, 3.—Hence,conspĭcĭens, entis, P. a. (acc. to II. B.), having understanding, intelligent:B.ad quas (contumelias) despiciendas non sapiente opus est viro, sed tantum conspiciente,
Sen. Const. 16, 3 Haase (al. consipiente). —conspectus, a, um, P. a.1.(Acc. to I. A. 1.) Visible:2.tumulus hosti conspectus,
Liv. 22, 24, 5; cf. id. 10, 40, 8; 32, 5, 13:agmina inter se satis conspecta,
id. 22, 4, 6. —(Acc. to I. B.) Striking, distinguished, remarkable, gazed at, = conspicuus (perh. not ante-Aug.):C.Pallas chlamyde et pictis conspectus in armis,
Verg. A. 8, 588 (conspicuus, conspicabilis, Serv.); so,victor Tyrio in ostro,
id. G. 3, 17; cf. Hor. A. P. 228:juventus,
Ov. M. 12, 553:patris avique fama conspectum eum faciebat,
Liv. 45, 7, 3:conspectus elatusque supra modum hominis privati,
id. 4, 13, 3.— Comp., Ov. M. 4, 796; Liv. 2, 5, 5; Tac. H. 4, 11; Just. 11, 5; Juv. 8, 140 al.— Sup. and adv. apparently not in use.—conspĭcĭendus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I. B.), worth seeing, worthy of attention, distinguished (perh. not ante-Aug.):2.insideat celeri conspiciendus equo,
Tib. 1, 2, 70:Nemesis donis meis,
id. 2, 3, 52:Hyas formā,
Ov. F. 5, 170:mater formosa Inter Dictaeos greges,
id. ib. 5, 118:eques,
id. Tr. 2, 114:opus vel in hac magnificentiā urbis,
Liv. 6, 4, 11; Val. Fl. 1, 261; Mart. 9, 50, 10.conspĭcĭo, ōnis, f. [1. conspicio], the survey taken by the augur in fixing the limits of the templum, Varr. L. L. 7, § 9 Müll. -
6 facinus
I.In gen. (syn.:B.factum, res gestae): Atridae duo fratres cluent fecisse facinus maximum, Cum Priami patriam Pergamum... subegerunt,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 1; 4, 4, 2; id. Trin. 1, 1, 2: tuum nefarium facinus pejore facinore operire, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24, 12:nefario facinore admisso,
Caes. B. G. 7, 38, 8:magnum et memorabile,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 73:praeclarissimum,
Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68:hic pulcherrimum facinus adivi,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 30:pulcherrimum,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19: rectissimum, Anton. ap. Cic. Phil. 13, 17 fin.: quantum, Poët. ap. Cic. Fam. 2, 9, 2:rarum,
Tac. A. 3, 21:suasit amor facinus,
Ov. M. 8, 90 al. —In plur.:inaudita et singularia facinora sceleris, audaciae, perfidiae, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 189:mirabilia facinora,
id. Phil. 2, 42, 109:ingenii egregia facinora,
Sall. J. 2, 2. —Transf. in Plautus for thing:II.nimis mirum est facinus, quomodo haec hinc potuerit transire!
Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 24:quod facinus video? etc.,
id. Rud. 1, 2, 73.—In partic., a bad deed, misdeed, outrage, villainy, crime (syn.:B.culpa, peccatum, delictum, flagitium, scelus, crimen, etc.): facinus est vincire civem Romanum, scelus verberare, prope parricidium necare: quid dicam in crucem tollere?
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 170; cf.:scelus et facinus,
id. Mil. 16, 43:ad vim, facinus caedemque delecti,
id. Agr. 2, 28, 77:nec in facinore, nec in libidine,
id. Mil. 27, 73:nihil facinoris, nihil flagitii praetermittere,
Liv. 39, 13, 10:ne facinus facere,
Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 95:jacere humi ad facinus obeundum,
id. Cat. 1, 10, 26:committere,
id. Fam. 3, 10, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 60, 4:in se admittere,
id. B. G. 3, 9, 3; cf. id. ib. 6, 13, 5:patrare,
Sall. C. 18, 8: ad omne facinus impellere aliquem, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 424, 31 (Rep. 6, 1 ed. Mos.):crimen facinusque libidinis,
Juv. 6, 294:transi gymnasia atque audi facinus majoris abollae,
i. e. of a teacher, id. 3, 115 al. —Esp. in exclamations:O facinus indignum,
Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 15; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 19:O indignum facinus,
id. Eun. 1, 1, 25; cf. Quint. 5, 12, 12; Cic. Att. 2, 13 init. —In plur.:furiae vindices facinorum et sceleris,
Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 66:homo flagitiis atque facinoribus coopertus,
Sall. C. 23, 1:talia facinora impune suscepisse,
id. J. 31, 9.—Transf., concr. ( poet.), an instrument of villainy, said of the poisoned cup:facinusque excussit ab ore,
Ov. M. 7, 423. -
7 foedo
foedo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [id.], to make foul, filthy, hideous; to defile, pollute, disfigure, mar, deform (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose).I.Physically:II.Harpyiae contactu omnia foedant immundo,
Verg. A. 3, 227:foedare in pulvere crines,
id. ib. 12, 99:canitiem vultusque seniles pulvere,
Ov. M. 8, 530:ignes sanguine per aras,
Verg. A. 2, 502; Ov. M. 3, 723:tellurem calido sanguine,
id. ib. 6, 238:brachia tabo,
id. ib. 14, 190:pectora pugnis, unguibus ora,
Verg. A. 11, 86:ora,
Tac. Agr. 36:aliquem verberibus,
id. H. 3, 77: ferro foedati jacent, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 3, 241 (Trag. v. 442 ed. Vahl.); cf.: foedant et proterunt hostium copias, i. e. mar or mutilate with wounds, wound, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 91:qui me (i. e. Prometheum) perenni vivum foedat miseria, Cic. Poët. Tusc. 2, 10, 24: obscenas pelagi ferro foedare volucres,
Verg. A. 3, 241:foedati agri, terror injectus urbi est,
laid waste, Liv. 3, 26, 1.—Of inanim. subjects:nulla tectoria eorum rimae foedavere,
Plin. 36, 23, 55, § 176: nubes foedavere lumen, Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv Verg. A. 2, 286; cf.:aër assiduo noctem foedaverat imbre,
Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 538.—Trop., to disgrace, dishonor, mar, sully: [p. 765] (Graeci) nos quoque dictitant barbaros et spurcius nos quam alios opicos appellatione foedant, Cato ap. Plin. 29, 1, 7, § 14:foedati crimine turpi,
Lucr. 3, 49:gloriam majorum,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 30; cf.:Romam ipsam foedavit adventus tuus,
Cic. Pis. 22, 53:ne vestis serica viros foedaret,
Tac. A. 2, 33:procerum conubiis mixtis,
id. G. 46:castra pollui foedarique a Classico ne sinatis,
id. H. 4, 58:egregia erga populum Romanum merita mox rebelles foedarunt,
id. ib. 4, 37:foedata per avaritiam victoria,
id. A. 4, 19; 11, 6; 15, 32:multiplici clade foedatus annus,
Liv. 3, 32, 4. -
8 sentio
sentĭo, si, sum, 4 ( perf. sync. sensti, Ter. And. 5, 3, 11), v. a.I.Physically.A.In gen., to discern by the senses; to feel, hear, see, etc.; to perceive, be sensible of (syn. percipio).(α).With acc.:(β).calorem et frigus,
Lucr. 1, 496; cf.:duritiem saxi,
id. 4, 268; 3, 381 sq.: feram nare sagaci (venaticā), Enn. ap. Fest. p. 177 Müll. (Ann. v. 346 Vahl.):varios rerum odores,
Lucr. 1, 298:sucum in ore,
id. 4, 617 sq.:suavitatem cibi,
Cic. Phil. 2, 45, 115:varios rerum colores,
Lucr. 4, 492:sonitum,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 69:nil aegri,
Lucr. 3, 832:utrumque (calorem et frigus) manu,
id. 1, 496:famem,
Liv. 25, 13:morbos articularios,
Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 39.—In mal. part.:sensit delphina Melantho,
Ov. M. 6, 120.— Pass.:posse prius ad angustias veniri, quam sentirentur,
before they should be observed, Caes. B. C. 1, 67.—With inf. or an, object-clause:(γ).sei movero me seu secari sensero,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 40: sentio aperiri fores. id. Truc. 2, 3, 29:nec quisquam moriens sentire videtur, Ire foras animam,
Lucr. 3, 607:sentire sonare,
id. 4, 229 Munro.—Absol.:b.perpetuo quoniam sentimus,
Lucr. 4, 228; 6, 935; Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 77:qui (homines) corruant, sed ita, ut ne vicini quidem sentiant,
Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 21.—Of things:B.pupula cum sentire colorem dicitur album,
Lucr. 2, 811 sq. — Absol.:haud igitur aures per se possunt sentire,
Lucr. 3, 633:si quis corpus sentire refutat,
id. 3, 350; 3, 354; cf. id. 3, 552; 3, 625.—In partic.1.To perceive the effects (esp. the ill effects) of any thing; to feel, experience, suffer, undergo, endure:b.sentiet, qui vir siem,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 21:jam curabo sentiat, Quos attentarit,
Phaedr. 5, 2, 6:quid ipse ad Avaricum sensisset, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 7, 52; cf. Liv. 45, 28, 6:Centupirini etiam ceterarum civitatum damna ac detrimenta senserunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 45, § 108; id. Div. in Caecil. 12, 38; cf. id. Verr. 2, 1, 49, § 127:tecum Philippos et celerem fugam Sensi,
Hor. C. 2, 7, 10:(Apollinem) vindicem,
id. ib. 4, 6, 3:caecos motus orientis austri,
id. ib. 3, 27, 22:contracta aequora (pisces),
id. ib. 3, 1, 33:prima arma nostra (Salyi),
Flor. 3, 2, 3:sentire paulatim belli mala,
Tac. H. 1, 89:famem,
Liv. 25, 13, 1; Curt. 9, 10, 11:damnum,
Liv. 2, 64, 6:cladem belli,
id. 35, 33, 6:inopiam rerum omnium,
id. 43, 22, 10; 44. 7, 6:incommoda belli,
id. 44, 14, 10:lassitudo jam et sitis sentiebatur,
id. 44, 36, 2:ubi primum dolorem aliquis sentit,
Cels. 6, 7 init.; cf. Lact. 7, 20, 7:cujus ulceris dolorem sentire etiam spectantes videntur,
Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 59:corporis aegri vitia sentire,
Curt. 8, 10, 29:qui in urbe se commoverit... sentiet, in hac urbe esse consules vigilantes, esse egregios magistratus, etc.,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27; cf. id. Sest. 28, 69; Ov. M. 13, 864.— Absol.:iste tuus ipse sentiet Posterius,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 59.—Of beasts, etc.:oves penuriam sentiunt,
Col. 7, 9, 3 sq.:frigus aut aestum,
id. 7, 4, 7:praegelidam hiemem omnes pisces sentiunt,
Plin. 9, 16, 24, § 57.—Of things, to be affected or influenced by:2.meae istuc scapulae sentiunt,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 25; Liv. 9, 37:transitum exercitus (ager),
id. 9, 41, 58:pestilentem Africum (Fecunda vitis),
Hor. C. 3, 23, 5:lacus et mare amorem Festinantis eri,
id. Ep. 1, 1, 84:alnos fluvii cavatas,
Verg. G. 1, 136 al.; cf. Plin. Pan. 31, 5:carbunculi cum ipsi non sentiant ignes,
Plin. 37, 7, 25, § 92:eadem (gemma) sola nobilium limam sentit,
is affected by, id. 37, 8, 32, § 109:cum amnis sentit aestatem, et ad minimum deductus est,
Sen. Ira, 3, 21, 1:miramur quod accessionem fluminum maria non sentiant,
id. Q. N. 3, 4: illa primum saxa auctum fluminis sentiunt, id. ib. 4, 2, 7:totum mare sentit exortum ejus sideris,
Plin. 9, 16, 25, § 58:caseus vetustatem,
id. 11, 42, 97, § 242:herba cariem,
id. 12, 7, 14, § 28:ferrum robiginem,
id. 34, 14, 41, § 143. —In the elder Pliny, to be susceptible of, to be subject or liable to a disease:II.morbos,
Plin. 9, 49, 73, § 156:rabiem,
id. 8, 18, 26, § 68:cariem,
id. 12, 7, 14, § 28.—Mentally.A. (α).With acc.:(β).id jam pridem sensi et subolet mihi,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 7; so,quid,
id. Truc. 1, 1, 39:quando Aesculapi ita sentio sententiam,
I observe, understand, id. Curc. 2, 1, 2:primus sentio mala nostra,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7:numquam illum ne minimā quidem re offendi, quod quidem senserim,
that I have perceived, Cic. Lael. 27, 103:ut cui bene quid processerit, multum illum providisse, cui secus, nihil sensisse dicamus,
id. Rab. Post. 1, 1:praesentia numina sentit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 134; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 162; id. C. S. 73 et saep.:de victoriā atque exitu rerum sentire,
Caes. B. G. 7, 52:omnia me illa sentire quae dicerem, nec tantum sentire, sed amare,
Sen. Ep. 75, 3:illum sensisse quae scripsit,
id. ib. 100, 11.— Poet.:ut vestram sentirent aequora curam,
Ov. M. 5, 557:nec inania Tartara sentit,
i. e. does not die, id. ib. 12, 619.—With inf. or an obj.-clause:(γ).quoniam sentio errare (eum),
Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 16:hoc vir excellenti providentiā sensit ac vidit, non esse, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 2, 3, 5:suspicionem populi sensit moveri,
id. ib. 2, 31, 54:quod quid cogitent, me scire sentiunt, etc.,
id. Cat. 2, 3, 5 sq.:postquam nihil esse pericli Sensimus,
Hor. S. 2, 8, 58:non nisi oppressae senserunt (civitates), etc.,
Just. 8, 1, 2.—With rel.- or interrog.-clause:(δ).scio ego et sentio ipse, quid agam,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 13:jam dudum equidem sentio, suspicio Quae te sollicitet,
id. Bacch. 4, 8, 49:quoniam sentio, Quae res gereretur,
id. ib. 2, 3, 56:si quid est in me ingenii, quod sentio quam sit exiguum,
Cic. Arch. 1, 1:ex quo fonte hauriam, sentio,
id. ib. 6, 13:victrices catervae Sensere, quid mens rite, quid indoles... Posset,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 25.—With the indic., in a rel.clause:sentio, quam rem agitis,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 14.—With de:(ε).hostes postea quam de profectione eorum senserunt,
became aware of their retreat, Caes. B. G. 5, 32; 7, 52.—With nom. of part. ( poet.):(ζ).sensit terrae sola maculans,
Cat. 63, 6:sensit medios delapsus in hostis,
Verg. A. 2, 377.—Absol.:B.vehementer mihi est irata: sentio atque intellego,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 64; cf. id. Trin. 3, 2, 72; id. Mil. 2, 6, 97:mentes sapientium cum e corpore excessissent sentire ac vigere (opp. carere sensu),
Cic. Sest. 21, 47; cf. id. Rep. 6, 24, 26:(Aristoteles) paeana probat eoque ait uti omnes, sed ipsos non sentire cum utantur,
id. Or. 57, 193; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 52:priusquam hostes sentirent,
Liv. 34, 14; 2, 25; 22, 4.— Impers. pass.:non ut dictum est, in eo genere intellegitur, sed ut sensum est,
Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 168.—To feel, experience (with acc. of the feeling;III.rare): quidquid est quod sensum habet, id necesse est sentiat et voluptatem et dolorem,
Cic. N. D. 3, 14, 36:tenesne memoriā quantum senseris gaudium, cum, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 4, 2:non sentire amisso amico dolorem,
id. ib. 99, 26;121, 7: victoriae tantae gaudium sentire,
Liv. 44, 44, 3; cf.:segnius homines bona quam mala sentire,
id. 30, 21, 6.—Transf. (in consequence of mental perception), to think, deem, judge, opine, imagine, suppose (syn.:B.opinor, arbitror): si ita sensit, ut loquitur, est homo impurus,
Cic. Rep. 3, 21, 32; cf.:jocansne an ita sentiens,
id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:fleri potest, ut recte quis sentiat, et id quod sentit, polite eloqui non possit,
id. Tusc. 1, 3, 6:humiliter demisseque sentire,
id. ib. 5, 9, 24:tecum aperte, quod sentio, loquar,
id. Rep. 1, 10, 15; cf.:quod sentio scribere,
id. Fam. 15, 16, 3:causa est haec sola, in quā omnes sentirent unum atque idem,
id. Cat. 4, 7, 14:idemque et unum sentire,
Suet. Ner. 43:sapiens de dis immortalibus sine ullo metu vera sentit,
Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 62.—With acc. and inf.:idem, quod ego, sentit, te esse huic rei caput,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 29; cf.:nos quidem hoc sentimus: si, etc.... non esse cunctandum,
Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 5:voluptatem hanc esse sentiunt omnes,
id. Fin. 2, [p. 1673] 3, 6 Madv. ad loc.:sensit in omni disputatione id fieri oportere,
id. ib. 2, 2, 4; 5, 8, 23; id. Tusc. 5, 28, 82; id. Att. 7, 6, 2; id. Fam. 1, 7, 5:sic decerno, sic sentio, sic affirmo, nullam rerum publicarum conferendam esse cum eā, quam, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 46, 70.—With two acc. (very rare):aliquem bonum civem,
Cic. Off. 1, 34, 125 (cf. id. Fin. 2, 3, 0, supra, where Orell. omits esse).—With de and abl.:cum de illo genere rei publicae quae sentio dixero,
Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65; so,quid de re publicā,
id. ib. 1, 21, 34;1, 38, 60: quid de quo,
id. ib. 1, 11:quid gravius de vobis,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32, 4; Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 19; cf.:qui omnia de re publicā praeclara atque egregia sentirent,
were full of the most noble and generous sentiments, id. Cat. 3, 2, 5:mirabiliter de te et loquuntur et sentiunt,
id. Fam. 4, 13, 5:male de illo,
Quint. 2, 2, 12: sentire cum aliquo, to agree with one in opinion:tecum sentio,
Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 24; id. Ps. 4, 2, 3:cum Caesare sentire,
Cic. Att. 7, 1, 3; id. Rosc. Am. 49, 142; cf.:nae iste haud mecum sentit,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 24: ab aliquo sentire, to dissent from, disagree with:abs te seorsum sentio,
judge otherwise, think differently, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 52: ut abs te seorsus sentiam De uxoriā re, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 195 P.: Gr. Omnia istaec facile patior, dum hic hinc a me sentiat. Tr. Atqui nunc abs te stat, is on my side, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 56 (cf. ab); cf.also: qui aliunde stet semper, aliunde sentiat,
Liv. 24, 45, 3.—In partic., publicists' and jurid. t. t., to give one's opinion concerning any thing; to vote, declare, decide (syn. censeo):1.sedens iis assensi, qui mihi lenissime sentire visi sunt,
Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 9; 11, 21, 2; 3, 8, 9:quae vult Hortensius omnia dicat et sentiat,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 76:si judices pro causā meā senserint,
decided in my favor, Gell. 5, 10, 14; cf.: in illam partem ite quā sentitis, Vet. Form. ap. Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 20.—Hence, sensa, ōrum, n. (acc. to II. B.).Thoughts, notions, ideas, conceptions (class. but very rare):2.sententiam veteres, quod animo sensissent, vocaverunt... Non raro tamen et sic locuti sunt, ut sensa sua dicerent: nam sensus corporis videbantur, etc.,
Quint. 8, 5, 1:exprimere dicendo sensa,
Cic. de Or 1, 8, 32:sensa mentis et consilia verbis explicare,
id. ib. 3, 14, 55.— -
9 tum
tum, adv. demonstr., of time [pronom. demonstr. stems to-, ta-; Gr. to, seen in ita, tam, etc.; cf. quom or cum], then.I.Absol.A.Referring to a time previously specified.1.To a definite past time.(α).To a period of time in which something was or happened (opp. later periods) = illis temporibus:(β).is dictu'st ollis popularibus olim Qui tum vivebant homines,
Enn. Ann. v. 308 Vahl.:quod tum erat res in pecore et locorum possessionibus, i. e. Romuli temporibus,
Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 16:cum illi male dicerent, quod tum fieri licebat, i. e. Periclis temporibus,
id. de Or. 3, 34, 138:erat omnino tum mos ut faciles essent in suum cuique tribuendo,
id. Brut. 21, 85; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111:vastae tum in his locis solitudines erant,
Liv. 1, 4, 6; 2, 6, 8; 3, 29, 3; 4, 6, 12; 42, 62, 11;44, 9, 4: ut tum erant tempora,
Nep. Att. 1, 2; 12, 3; Liv. 1, 3, 3; 1, 8, 4; 2, 7, 4; 2, 9, 8; 2, 50, 2; 2, 63, 6;39, 6, 7 and 9.—With illis temporibus: nam jam tum illis temporibus fortius... loquebantur quam pugnabant,
Nep. Thras. 2, 4.—Referring to a point of time, then, at that time:(γ).insigneita fere tum milia militum octo Duxit,
Enn. Ann. v. 336 Vahl.: ut jacui exsurgo;ardere censui aedis: ita tum confulgebant,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 15:jam duo restabant fata tum,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 35; id. Cist. 1, 3, 14: quot eras annos gnatus tum, quom, etc.? Me Septuennis, nam tum dentes mihi cadebant primulum, id. Men. 5, 9, 56; id. Merc. prol. 66; id. Most. 1, 2, 49; id. Am. 2, 1, 56; Ter. And. 1, 1, 82: sic igitur tum se levis ac diffusilis aether... undique flexit. Lucr. 5, 467; 5, 837; 5, 911; 5, 432;5, 942: atque huic anno proximus Sulla consule et Pompejo fuit. Tum P. Sulpicii in tribunatu, cottidie contionantis, totum genus dicendi cognovimus,
Cic. Brut. 89, 306; id. Ac. 2, 22, 69:scribit Eudemum Pheras venisse, quae erat urbs in Thessalia tum admodum nobilis,
id. Div. 1, 25, 53; id. Rep. 2, 37, 63:hi tum in Asia rhetorum principes,
id. Brut. 91, 316; id. Sest. 11, 26; id. Planc. 37, 90; id. Quint. 61, 170; id. Fam. 9, 21, 2:hoc tum veritus Caesar Pharum prehendit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 112:eodem anno a Campanis Cumae, quam Graeci tum urbem tenebant, capiuntur,
Liv. 4, 44, 13; 1, 7, 14; 2, 9, 5;2, 37, 7: praetores tum duos Latium habebat,
id. 8, 3, 9:Aemilius, cujus tum fasces erant, dictatorem dixit,
id. 8, 12, 13; 5, 8, 4; 22, 46, 6;1, 7, 12: tum Athenis perpetui archontes esse desierunt,
Vell. 1, 8, 3:tum Cimbri et Teutoni transcendere Rhenum,
id. 2, 8, 3; Val. Max. 1, 5, 3; Tac. H. 4, 49; 3, 57:non timido, non ignavo cessare tum licuit,
Curt. 3, 11, 5:Archiae, qui tum maximum magistratum Thebis obtinebat,
Nep. Pelop. 3, 2; id. Phoc. 3, 3.—With in eo tempore: eum quem virile secus tum in eo tempore habebat, Asell. ap. Gell. 2, 13, 5.—Repeated by anaphora:quae nox omnium temporum conjurationis acerrima fuit. Tum Catilinae dies exeundi, tum ceteris manendi condicio, tum descriptio... constituta est, tum tuus pater, etc.,
Cic. Sull. 18, 52; cf. Lucr. 5, 1377; 5, 1399.—Esp., referring to a former state, implying that it no longer exists:(δ).quaesivit ex lege illa Cornelia quae tum erat,
Cic. Clu. 20, 55:cum sententias Oppianicus, quae tum erat potestas, palam ferri velle dixisset,
id. ib. 27, 75:Caere, opulento tum oppido,
Liv. 1, 2, 3; 3, 52, 3:praetores aerarii (nam tum a praetoribus tractabatur aerarium), etc.,
Tac. H. 4, 9.—Expressly opposed to present time (hodie, nunc, hoc tempore, etc.; class. and very freq.; but in post-Aug. writers tunc is regularly used): prius non is eras qui eras;(ε).nunc is factu's qui tum non eras,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 138:tu nunc tibi Id laudi ducis quod tum fecisti inopia?
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 25; id. Hec. 3, 3, 48:quae tabula, tum imperio tuo revulsa, nunc a me tamen reportata est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112:tum imperator populi Romani deos patrios reportabat, nunc praetor ejusdem populi eosdem illos deos... auferebat,
id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; 2, 5, 20, § 51; id. Clu. 31, 86; id. Planc. 9, 22; id. Quint. 22, 71; id. Phil. 14, 8, 21; id. Leg. 2, 22, 57; Caes. B. C. 3, 17; Liv. 5, 3, 5; 6, 15, 11; 10, 9, 6.—Opposed to another time specified:(ζ).itaque tum eos exire jussit. Post autem e provincia litteras ad conlegium misit, se, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:itaque ut tum carere rege, sic pulso Tarquinio nomen regis audire non poterat,
id. Rep. 2, 30, 53; id. Mil. 21, 55:sicut legatorum antea, ita tum novorum colonorum caede imbutis armis,
Liv. 4, 31, 7; 39, 22, 10; 9, 36, 1; 2, 52, 7; 4, 2, 10; 4, 57, 11;21, 17, 1: et tum sicca, prius celeberrima fontibus, Ide,
Ov. M. 2, 218; Verg. A. 11, 33; Nep. Arist. 2, 3; id. Ham. 11, 7.—In the historians in applying general statements or truths to the state of affairs spoken of: communi enim fit vitio naturae ut invisis atque incognitis rebus... vehementius exterreamur;(η).ut tum accidit,
Caes. B. C. 2, 4; 3, 68; id. B. G. 7, 3; 2, 6; id. B. C. 1, 80:foedera alia aliis legibus, ceterum eodem modo omnia fiunt. Tum ita factum accepimus,
Liv. 1, 24, 4; 1, 32, 14; 21, 31, 12.—Denoting coincidence or inner connection with an action before mentioned = a temporal clause (tum = cum hoc fieret), then, on that occasion:(θ).quis tum non ingemuit?
Cic. Vatin. 13, 31:ne tum quidem hominum venustatem et facetias perspicere potuisti? i. e. cum coronam auream imponebant,
id. Fl. 31, 76: apud imperitos tum illa dicta sunt;nunc agendum est subtilius,
id. Fin. 4, 27, 74:itaque tum Stajenus condemnatus est,
i. e. in that trial, id. Clu. 36, 101; id. Sen. 7, 22:M. Porcius Cato qui, asper ingenio, tum lenem mitemque senatorem egit,
Liv. 45, 25; Val. Max. 8, 3, 3:sed tum supplicia dis... decernuntur,
Tac. A. 3, 64; 3, 72:Graecia tum potuit Priamo quoque flenda videri,
Ov. M. 14, 474.—With the occasion referred to specified in the same clause: Manlius... ex petulanti scurra in discordiis civitatis ad eam columnam tum suffragiis populi pervenerat,
Cic. Clu. 13, 39:emisti tum in naufragio hujus urbis... tum, inquam, emisti ut, etc.,
id. Prov. Cons. 4, 7.—Repeated by anaphora: et Capitolinis injecit sedibus ignes. Tum statua Nattae, tum simulacra deorum, Romulusque et Remus cum altrice belua vi fulminis icti conciderunt, Cic. Div. 2, 20, 45;so repeated seven times,
id. Rep. 1, 40, 62.—Redundant, the time of the action being clear without it (esp. in Cic.):2.atque hoc tum judicio facto... tamen Avitus Oppianicum reum statim non facit,
Cic. Clu. 20, 56:itaque tum ille inopia et necessitate coactus ad Caepasios confugit,
id. ib. 20, 57; id. Brut. 23, 90; 39, 145; 43, 161; cf. id. Sull. 18, 51, where tum redundant occurs six times successively.—In oblique discourse, referring to the time of the speaker, = nunc in direct discourse:3.quando autem se, si tum non sint, pares hostibus fore?
if they were not now so, Liv. 3, 62, 1:(dixit Sempronius)... nec tum agrum plebi, sed sibi invidiam quaeri,
id. 4, 44, 9; 4, 57, 4:moenia eos tum transcendere non Italiae modo, sed etiam urbis Romanae,
id. 21, 35, 9; 5, 21, 7 (in this use nunc is also freq.).—Referring to indefinite time.(α).Then, at such a time of the year, day, etc., at such a season:(β).tum denique tauros in gregem redigo (after Lyra rises),
Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12; 1, 35 fin.; Col. 11, 2, 87.—With the force of an indefinite temporal clause, at such a time, in such circumstances, i. e. when such a thing happens as has happened:(γ).qui (porci) a partu decimo die habentur puri, ab eo appellantur sacres, quod tum ad sacrificium idonei habentur primum,
Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 16; 2, 7, 13:deinde cibum sequitur somnus... quia plurima tum se corpora conturbant (i. e. cum cibum ceperunt),
Lucr. 4, 957; 3, 599; 4, 892; 4, 919;4, 1030: quam regionem cum superavit animus... finem altius se efferendi facit. Tum enim sui similem et levitatem et calorem adeptus... nullam in partem movetur,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43; 1, 31, 75; 3, 23, 55; 4, 24, 54; Tac. Dial. 7.—With the force of a conditional clause, then, in this instance, if so: immo res omnis relictas habeo prae quod tu velis. Ph. Tum tu igitur, qua causa missus es ad portum, id expedi (i. e. si ita est), Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 39; id. Most. 5, 1, 55; id. As. 1, 1, 93; 2, 2, 64; 3, 3, 36; id. Aul. 3, 6, 31; id. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 2, 78: non potitus essem;4.fuisset tum illos mi aegre aliquot dies,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 7; id. Eun. 2, 2, 50; 5, 1, 23; id. Hec. 3, 5, 12:ego C. Caesaris laudibus desim, quas, etc.? Tum hercule me confitear non judicium aliquod habuisse,
Cic. Planc. 39, 93: scribant aliquid Isocrateo more...;tum illos existimabo non desperatione formidavisse genus hoc,
id. Or. 70, 235; id. Font. 21, 49 (17, 39); id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85; id. Fam. 9, 8, 2; Ov. H. 18 (19), 81: vellem tam ferax saeculum haberemus...;tum ego te primus hortarer, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 4, 15, 8.—Referring to future time.(α).To a definite time before mentioned:(β).ut sit satius perdere Quam aut nunc manere tam diu, aut tum persequi,
i. e. after my future return, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 27:jam nunc mente prospicio quae tum studia hominum, qui concursus futuri sint,
Cic. Div. in Caecin. 13, 42; id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; 1, 10, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 17; id. Marcell. 9, 30:tum meae... Vocis accedet bona pars,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 45.—With the force of a conditional clause (cf. 3. b, supra), then, in this instance, if so: specta, tum scies. Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 100; cf.:B.quom videbis, tum scies,
id. ib. 1, 2, 37: tuom incendes genus;Tum igitur aquae erit tibi cupido, etc.,
id. Trin. 3, 2, 50; id. Curc. 2, 3, 17:confer sudantes, ructantes, refertos epulis... tum intelleges, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 100; id. Planc. 18, 45; id. Phil. 2, 45, 115:agedum, dictatorem creemus... Pulset tum mihi lictorem qui sciet, etc.,
Liv. 2, 29, 12; Cic. Phil. 10, 3, 6; id. Or. 23, 78; 71, 235; Liv. 4, 22, 11; 5, 16, 10; 9, 11, 4.—Referring to a time subsequent to a time mentioned, then, thereupon.1.Simple sequence in time.(α).Time proper (only of an immediate sequence;(β).otherwise deinde, postea, etc., are used): tum cum corde suo divum pater atque hominum rex Effatur, etc.,
Enn. Ann. 179:dico ei quo pactod eam viderim erilem nostram filiam sustollere. Extimuit tum illa,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 29; id. As. 4, 1, 58: tum ille egens forte adplicat Primum ad Chrysidis patrem se. Ter. And. 5, 4, 21; id. Eun. 3, 1, 17; Cato, R. R. 48 (49); 135 (136); so id. ib. 112 (113): equos quinto anno... amittere binos (dentes);tum renascentes eis sexto anno impleri,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2 sq.: collo [p. 1909] cari jussit hominem in aureo lecto, abacosque complures ornavit... Tum ad mensam eximia forma pueros jussit consistere, eosque, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 61:dixerat hoc ille, cum puer nuntiavit venire ad eum Laelium... Tum Scipio e cubiculo est egressus, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 12, 18; id. Div. 2, 66, 135; id. Clu. 14, 40; id. Cat. 3, 5, 10; id. Ac. 2, 5, 13; id. Div. 1, 35, 77:hostes suos ab oppugnatione reduxerunt. Tum suo more conclamaverunt ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 26; cf. id. ib. 7, 64; 5, 43 fin.;5, 48: adsurgentem ibi regem cuspide ad terram adfixit. Tum spolia caputque abscisum spiculo gerens... hostes fudit,
Liv. 4, 19, 5; 5, 21, 1; 1, 26, 9; 1, 18, 10; 1, 20, 1; 1, 22, 6; 1, 28, 4; 1, 28, 9; 2, 24, 4;3, 8, 11, etc.: tum Caesar cum exercitu Thessaliam petit,
Vell. 2, 52, 1; Val. Max. 5, 1, 3; Curt. 4, 3, 7; Tac. A. 3, 28; 11, 35; id. H. 4, 84; Ov. M. 2, 122; 4, 80; 7, 121; 10, 481; 14, 386; Flor. 1, 13, 12; Gell. 1, 19, 5; 1, 23, 5.—In partic., foll. by an abl. absol.:(γ).tum, prope jam perculsis aliis tribunis, A. Verginius Caesoni capitis diem dicit,
Liv. 3, 11, 9; 8, 32, 1; 10, 29, 12:tum omni spe perdita, Meherdates dolo ejus vincitur, traditurque victori,
Tac. A. 12, 15; 12, 16:tum, ferro extracto, confestim exanimatus est,
Nep. Epam. 9, 4.—Implying a connection between two events, hence, under these circumstances, accordingly, thereupon:2.at pater omnipotens ira tum percitus acri... Phaethonta... Deturbavit in terram,
Lucr. 5, 399:madefactum iri Graeciam sanguine... tum neque te ipsum non esse commotum, Marcumque Varronem et M. Catonem... vehementer esse perterritos,
Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 34, 76; Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf. id. ib. 5, 49; 5, 51;7, 59: quippe quibus nec domi spes prolis, nec cum finitimis conubia essent. Tum ex consilio patrum Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit,
Liv. 1, 9, 2; 3, 26, 1; 3, 31, 7; 4, 45, 7.—Enumeration of a series of events; the co-ordinate clauses introduced by tum... tum, or primum (primo)... deinde... tum, etc.(α).Succession of time proper:(β).ducem Hannibali unum e concilio datum (a Jove), tum ei ducem illum praecepisse ne respiceret, illum autem respexisse, tum visam beluam vastam, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49; 1, 27, 57; 2, 28, 58 sq.:primo... deinde... tum... tum,
id. Fin. 1, 16, 50; 5, 23, 65; id. Tusc. 5, 2, 5:primum... deinde... tum... postremo,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 3; 3, 3, 6: primum colonos inde Romanos expulit: inde in Latinam viam transgressus, etc., inde Lavinium recepit; tum deinceps Corbionem, Vitelliam;postremum, etc.,
Liv. 2, 39, 4:primi consules sub jugum missi, tum ut quisque gradu proximus erat, tum deinceps singulae legiones,
id. 9, 6, 1:primo... deinde... tum... tum,
id. 21, 22, 8; id. praef. 9; 3, 28, 8: 5, 39, 7;23, 23, 6: deinde... deinde... Tum... post quas, etc.,
Curt. 3, 3, 24: primum... deinde... deinde... tum... postea, Masur. Gabin. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 5; Gai. Inst. 4, 60.—So in partic.: tum (also hic, et;(γ).not deinde or postea), to denote the succession of speakers in dialogue: immo duas dabo, inquit adulescens... Tum senex ille: Si vis, inquit, quattuor sane dato,
Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 46 dub.:tum Piso... inquit, etc. Tum Quintus... inquit, etc. Hic ego... inquam, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Piso... inquit, etc. Et ille ridens... inquit, etc. Tum Piso exorsus est, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2 sqq.:tum Atticus... inquit, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Brutus, etc. Tum ille, etc. Tum Atticus, etc. Tum Pomponius... inquit, etc.,
id. Brut. 3, 11 sqq., and through the whole treatise; cf. id. Ac. 1, 2, 4; 1, 3, 9; 1, 4, 13; 1, 12, 43 and 44; 2, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 15 sqq.; id. Rep. 1, 13, 19 sqq.; Liv. 7, 10, 2 sqq.; 23, 12, 8; Tac. Dial. 3; 15; 25; 42; Gell. 3, 1, 11 sqq.; 18, 1, 9 sqq.; Ov. M. 14, 594.—Transf., of sequence or succession of thought, passing into mere co-ordination (v. C. 2. b, g), then... again... furthermore:C.qui mi in cursu obstiterit, faxo vitae is obstiterit suae. Prius edico ne quis, etc. Tum pistores scrofipasci qui, etc. Tum piscatores.... Tum lanii autem qui, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 28; 4, 2, 34; 4, 2, 39: (res familiaris) primum bene parta sit, tum quam plurimis se utilem praebeat, deinde augeatur ratione, diligentia, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92; id. Ac. 2, 47, 146; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68 sq.; 5, 40, 117; id. Ac. 2, 10, 30; id. de Or. 1, 42, 190; id. Cat. 4, 3, 5; id. Agr. 1, 2, 5; id. Clu. 2, 6; Liv. 3, 26, 11.—Hence, as co-ordinating conjunction, introducing an additional assertion, or thought.1.Alone, = praeterea, and then, besides, also, moreover, on the other hand (freq. in ante-class. style and in Cic.;2.rare in Livy and post-Aug. prose): argenti aurique advexit multum, lanam purpuramque multam... tum Babylonica peristromata, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 54; id. Rud. 2, 4, 10; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 71; 4, 8, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 78; id. Aul. 1, 2, 6; 1, 3, 16; id. Men. 5, 5, 41; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 1, 3, 15; 4, 2, 3; Ter. And. 1, 5, 27; 1, 2, 21; 2, 3, 7; id. Eun. prol. 4; 5, 6, 15; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; Lucr. 4, 680; cf. id. 1, 494; 4, 1152:magnum ingenium L. Luculli, magnumque optimarum artium studium, tum omnis ab eo percepta doctrina... caruit omnino rebus urbanis,
Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 1; 2, 14, 43; id. Div. 1, 24, 50; 1, 42, 94; id. de Or. 1, 46, 201; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fin. 1, 6, 21; 2, 16, 53; id. Leg. 1, 5, 17; 1, 9, 26; id. Rab. Post. 14, 40; id. Phil. 13, 12, 26:altera ex parte Bellovaci instabant, alteram Camulogenus tenebat: tum legiones a praesidio interclusas maximum flumen distinebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 59; id. B. C. 3, 49: naves convenerunt duae Punicae quinqueremes;duae ab Heraclea triremes... tum quinque Rhodiae quadriremes,
Liv. 42, 56, 6; 1, 40, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 4; Just. 5, 10, 3.—Sometimes connecting two terms of the same clause, with the force of cum... tum (v. infra, 3. d.):quot me censes homines jam deverberasse, hospites tum civis?
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 14:faciendum est igitur nobis ut... veteranorum, tum legionis Martiae quartaeque consensus... confirmetur,
Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 7; Liv. 28, 43, 1 (in co-ordination often with etiam, autem, and sometimes with praeterea and porro; v. III. infra).—Tum as correlative of a preceding tum.(α).With an added assertion or thought: ita est haec hominum natio: voluptarii atque potatores, Tum sycophantae... plurimi In urbe habitant;(β).tum meretrices mulieres Nusquam perhibentur blandiores gentium,
Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 100; 3, 1, 102.—Tum... tum = nunc... nunc (modo... modo), sometimes... sometimes, now... now, at one time... at another (freq. in Cic., not in Caes., rare in Liv., and very rare in postAug. writers):(γ).tum huc, tum illuc inretitos impedit piscis,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 17:tum hoc mihi probabilius, tum illud videtur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 134:mihi... tum hoc tum illud probabilius videtur,
id. Off. 3, 7, 33; so id. Am. 4, 13; id. Sen. 13, 45; id. Top. 7, 31; id. N. D. 2, 19, 49:(alvus) tum restringitur, tum relaxatur,
id. ib. 2, 54, 136; id. Rep. 3, 13 (14), 23; id. Leg. 2, 7, 16; id. Or. 63, 212; id. Sen. 3, 7; id. Inv. 1, 37, 66:dictator tum appellare tum adhortari milites,
Liv. 8, 39, 4; Suet. Ner. 1; Gell. 1, 11, 15.—Tum may be repeated several times:plerique propter voluptatem tum in morbos graves, tum in damna, tum in dedecora incurrunt,
Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 47; 3, 7, 26;so three times,
id. N. D. 1, 12, 29; 1, 14, 37; 1, 15, 39; id. Inv. 1, 52, 98; id. Or. 3, 45, 177; id. Off. 1, 7, 22; id. Leg. 2, 17, 43; id. Top. 25, 96;four times,
id. N. D. 1, 43, 120; 2, 20, 52; 2, 39, 101; id. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75;five times,
id. N. D. 2, 5, 14; id. Inv. 1, 13, 17; 1, 41, 76; id. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 94;six times,
id. ib. 1, 53, 120;seven times,
Quint. 9, 4, 133;nine times,
Cic. N. D. 2, 50, 51.—And in chronological order (to be distinguished from the instances B. 2. a and g):Atheniensium (rem publicam constituerunt) tum Theseus, tum Draco, tum Solo, tum Clisthenes, tum multi alii,
at different times, successively, Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 2.—Preceded or followed by other co-ordinate words (alias, modo, aliquando, aut... aut, nunc... nunc):(δ).ex quo intellegitur qualis ille sit quem tum moderatum, alias modestum, tum temperantem, alias constantem continentemque dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 36:tum... tum... aliquando,
id. Div. 2, 2, 6:tum... tum... aut... aut,
id. Or. 61, 204:modo... tum autem,
id. N. D. 2, 40, 142:nunc... nunc... tum... tum,
Flor. 1, 17, 5.—Tum... tum = et... et, both... and, not only... but also, partly... partly, without regard to time, the second term being frequently strengthened by etiam (mostly post-Aug.):3.Milo Compsam oppugnans, ictusque lapide tum Clodio, tum patriae, quam armis petebat, poenas dedit,
Vell. 2, 68, 3:Muciam et Fulviam, tum a patre, tum a viro utramque inclitam,
Val. Max. 9, 1, 8:Caesar Pompejo tum proprias, tum etiam filiae lacrimas reddidit,
id. 5, 1, 10; Quint. 7, 3, 18; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 28; id. Clem. 1, 19, 2; Front. Aquaed. 1; Tac. A. 12, 33; Suet. Tit. 3; Nep. praef. 8;and with etiam,
Val. Max. 2, 2, 8; 5, 9, 1; 7, 6 prooem.; Nep. Them. 2, 3.—As correlative with a preceding cum, introducing particular after a universal or a stronger or more important assertion after a weaker or less important.a.Connecting complete sentences with different predicates, cum... tum = as... so, while... (tum being not translated; ante-class. cum always with indic.; class. with subj. or indic.):b.quom antehac te amavi, et mihi amicam esse crevi... tum id mihi hodie aperuisti,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 2; id. Truc. 4, 1, 6:quom id mihi placebat, tum uno ore omnes omnia Bona dicere,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 69; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 10:quae cum res tota ficta sit pueriliter, tum ne efficit quidem quod vult,
Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19; id. Tusc. 5, 39, 13; id. Fam. 13, 16, 1; and so with subj., id. N. D. 1, 1, 1; id. Off. 3, 2, 5; id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Brut. 39, 145; 11, 250:cum omnium rerum simulatio est vitiosa, tum amicitiae repugnat maxime,
id. Lael. 25, 91; id. Div. 2, 27, 58; and so with indic., id. Planc. 33, 80; id. Tull. 4, 8; id. Div. in Caecil. 20, 65; id. Sest. 1, 2; id. Fam. 16, 4, 4:haec cum merito ejus fieri intellegebat, tum magni interesse arbitrabatur, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 4; 3, 16; id. B. C. 1, 58; Liv. 3, 34, 1; 4, 53, 4.—Clauses with the same predicate, which is placed after the first clause (always with indic.):c.nam mihi, cum multa eximie divineque videntur Athenae tuae peperisse, tum nihil melius illis mysteriis quibus, etc.,
Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 36; id. Tusc. 4, 18, 42; id. Phil. 2, 5, 12; Liv. 4, 46, 10; 6, 38, 10.—Clauses with a common predicate placed before both co-ordinate terms, cum... tum = not only, but also; as... so especially:d.visa est Arcesilae cum vera sententia, tum honesta et digna sapiente,
Cic. Ac. 2, 24, 77; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; 2, 35, 119; 3, 1, 3:movit patres conscriptos cum causa tum auctor,
Liv. 9, 10, 1; 4, 57, 2; Suet. Ner. 46 init. —With a common predicate after both co-ordinate terms:e.quom virum tum uxorem, di vos perdant,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 103:luxuria cum omni aetati turpis tum senectuti foedissima est,
Cic. Off. 1, 34, 123; id. Clu. 59, 161; id. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 86; id. N. D. 1, 21, 57; id. Deiot. 9, 26; id. Clu. 16, 46:concitatos animos flecti quam frangi putabat cum tutius tum facilius esse,
Liv. 2, 23, 15; 6, 9, 8; 1, 57, 1; 10, 26, 13; Tac. Dial. 5.—With tum several times repeated:quem pater moriens cum tutoribus et propinquis, tum legibus, tum aequitati magistratuum, tum judiciis vestris commendatum putavit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 151; cf. esp. id. Planc. 40, 95. —Tum, in this construction, is freq. strengthened,(α).By vero:(β).cum haec sunt videnda, tum vero illud est hominis magni, etc.,
in particular, Cic. Clu. 58, 159; id. Mur. 27, 55; id. Phil. 3, 5, 12; 7, 3, 9; cf. id. Or. 1, 23, 106; 3, 16, 60; Liv. 34, 39, 9; Quint. 12, 1, 25.—By maxime, above all, most of all, especially, chiefly:(γ).cum omnibus in rebus temeritas in adsentando turpis est, tum in eo loco maxime in quo ju dicandum est quantum, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 4, 7; id. Tusc. 4, 1, 1; 5, 12, 36; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 69:cum infamia atque indignitas rei impediebat, tum maxime quod, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 7, 56; Sall. J. 43, 5; Liv. 1, 8, 2; Suet. Claud. 30; Quint. 6, 1, 29.—By praecipue, especially, chiefly, above all:(δ).cum omnium sociorum provinciarumque rationem diligenter habere debetis, tum praecipue Siciliae,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2; id. Fam. 13, 11, 3:fortuna quae plurimum potest cum in reliquis rebus, tum praecipue in bello,
Caes. B. C. 3, 68; Liv. 22, 43, 11; 1, 40, 3; Quint. 1, 1, 29; 1, 10, 13; 5, 10, 106; Plin. Ep. 4, 3, 2.—By inprimis, chiefly, principally:(ε).cum multa non probo, tum illud inprimis quod, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 18; id. Fam. 12, 22, 3.—By cumprimis, chiefly, principally: quapropter bene cum superis de rebus habenda Nobis est ratio... tum cumprimis Unde anima atque animi constet [p. 1910] natura videndum, Lucr. 1, 131.—(ζ).By certe, especially, at least, assuredly:(η).at cum de plurimis eadem dicit, tum certe de maximis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 5, 13; id. Fam. 7, 4; cf. Quint. 2, 1, 10.—By nimirum, assuredly, undoubtedly:(θ).cum plurimas... commoditates amicitia contineat, tum illa nimirum praestat omnibus quod, etc.,
Cic. Am. 7, 23. —By etiam, besides, as well:(ι).cum omnes omnibus ex terris homines improbos audacesque collegerat, tum etiam multos fortes viros et bonos... tenebat,
Cic. Cael. 6, 14; id. Ac. 2, 10, 31; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:quos tu cum memoriter, tum etiam erga nos amice et benevole collegisti,
id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; id. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:cum sua virtute, tum etiam alienis vitiis,
id. Leg. 23, 67; id. Fin. 2, 12, 38; id. N. D. 2, 37, 95; id. de Or. 3, 60, 225; Liv. 1, 21, 2; 7, 23, 6; 7, 32, 10; Val. Max. 7, 2, 3; 3, 2, 10; 9, 6, 3; Quint. 9, 1, 20; 9, 4, 143.—By quoque, also, besides, as well:(κ).cum potestas major, tum vir quoque potestati par hostes trans Anienem submovere,
Liv. 4, 17, 11; 1, 22, 2; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 72.—By et, also, besides, too:(λ).cujus mortem cum luctus civitatis, tum et dictaturae undecim insignem fecere,
Just. 19, 1, 7.—By praeterea, moreover, besides:II.dicimus C. Verrem cum multa libidinose fecerit, tum praeterea quadringentiens sestertium ex Sicilia abstulisse,
Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56.Tum as correlative of dependent clauses (freq. in ante - class. writings and Cic., rare in post-Aug. writings).A. 1.Referring to definite past time.a.Tum as antecedent of cum:b.jam tum cum primum jussit me ad se arcessier, Roget quis, Quid tibi cum illa?
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 21:qui (Hercules) tum dolore frangebatur cum immortalitatem ipsa morte quaerebat,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 8, 20:bene apud majores nostros senatus tum cum florebat imperium decrevit ut, etc.,
id. Div. 1, 41, 91; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114; id. Div. 1, 17, 30; id. Verr. 2, 2, 66, § 160; id. Clu. 33, 89; id. Verr. 1, 2, 5; id. Brut. 2, 7; 23, 89; id. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Agr. 2, 24, 64; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; 3, 4, 11:tum mittendos legatos fuisse cum Perseus Graecas urbes obsideret,
Liv. 45, 3, 7:tum cum Vipereos sparsi... dentes,
Ov. M. 4, 572; id. H. 3, 23; Val. Max. 6, 1, 12.—After pluperf.:nam tum cum in Asia res magnas permulti amiserant scimus Romae solutione impedita fidem concidisse,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19; Val. Max. 3, 6, 1; 2, 8, 15 fin. —Tum inserted in the temporal clause:cum Davo egomet vidi jurgantem ancillam... quom ibi me adesse neuter tum praesenserat,
Ter. And. 5, 1, 20.—Tum, introducing the apodosis of the temporal clause (generally not transl. in Engl.).(α).Of coincident events, cum... tum = while: quom genui tum morituros scivi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. Rel. v. 361 Vahl.); Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 18:(β).cum minime videbamur, tum maxime philosophabamur,
Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Agr. 2, 11, 26; id. Cael. 26, 63; id. Phil. 3, 5, 13:cum pavida mulier nullam opem videret, tum Tarquinius fateri amorem, orare, etc.,
Liv. 1, 58, 3; 5, 11, 4. —Tum = deinde, usu. after a pluperf.:2.id cum Sulla fecisset, tum ante oppidum Nolam Samnitium castra cepit,
Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72; id. Brut. 92, 319; id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; 2, 3, 15; id. Fin. 1, 8, 26; id. Tusc. 4, 20, 45; id. Div. 1, 25, 53; 2, 2, 7; id. Rep. 2, 25, 47; Liv. 21, 11, 8; cf. id. 1, 26, 7; 23, 22, 4.—Inserted in the apodosis:cum jam humanae opes egestae a Veis essent, amoliri tum deum dona,
Liv. 5, 22, 3.—Referring to definite present time:3.quem esse negas, eundem esse dicis. Cum enim miserum esse dicis, tum eum qui non sit, dicis esse,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 12.—Referring to indefinite time.a.As antecedent of the clause, = at the time when, at a time when, whenever: hominum inmortalis est infamia;b.etiam tum vivit quom esse credas mortuam,
Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28; id. As. 1, 3, 55; id. Merc. 3, 2, 7; Cato, R. R. 31:nec sibi enim quisquam tum se vitamque requirit Cum pariter mens et corpus sopita quiescunt,
Lucr. 3, 919; 4, 444; 4, 455;4, 1166: omnis praedictio mali tum probatur cum ad praedictionem cautio adjungitur,
Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104; id. N. D. 2, 3, 9: tum cum sine pondere suci Mobilibus ventis arida facta volant, Ov. H. 5, 109; Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44; 2, 27, 88; id. Fin. 4, 8, 20; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 20; 5, 26, 73; id. N. D. 1, 4, 9; id. Off. 1, 27, 93.—Tum maxime... cum plurimum = eo magis quo magis:eam (partem animi) tum maxime vigere cum plurimum absit a corpore,
Cic. Div. 1, 32, 70; so, cum maxime... tum maxime; v. b. a foll.—Tum introducing the apodosis.(α).As coincident:(β).quom amamus, tum perimus,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 94:ulmus, cum folia cadunt, tum iterum tempestiva est,
Cato, R. R. 17; so id. ib. 155 (156):cum ea quae quasi involuta fuerunt, aperti sunt, tum inventa dicuntur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 26; id. Fin. 5, 10, 29; 1, 17, 57; id. N. D. 2, 52, 129; 1, 19, 49; id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 15.—Cum maxime... tum maxime = quo magis eo magis:nam quom pugnabant maxume, ego tum fugiebam maxume,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 45:quamobrem omnes, cum secundae res sunt maxume, tum maxume Meditari secum oportet, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 30 poet. —As subsequent:4.ad legionem quom itum, adminiculum eis danunt tum jam aliquem cognatum suum,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 47:eo cum accessit ratio argumentique conclusio... tum et perceptio eorum omnium apparet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 30; 2, 41, 128; id. Fin. 5, 9, 24; 1, 20, 69; 5, 15, 41; id. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 1, 24, 58; 3, 2, 3; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; id. Div. 2, 19, 44.—Referring to future time.(α).Tum as antecedent of cum:(β).quom mi haec dicentur dicta, tum tu, furcifer, quasi mus in medio pariete vorsabere,
Plaut. Cas. 1, 51; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 20:non committam ut tum haec res judicetur cum haec frequentia Roma discesserit,
Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54; id. Agr. 2, 17, 44; 2, 25, 67; id. Fin. 4, 22, 62; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Liv. 23, 13, 4; 41, 10, 7; Ov. M. 2, 651; id. H. 15, 293; Nep. Them. 6, 5.—Tum introducing the apodosis:B.quom videbis, tum scies,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 37; 4, 6, 30:de quo cum perpauca dixero, tum ad jus civile veniam,
Cic. Leg. 1, 12, 34; id. Clu. 2, 6; 4, 9; Liv. 3, 56, 10.—With temporal clause, introduced by ubi.1.Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):2.vitem novellam resecare tum erit tempus ubi valebit,
Cato, R. R. 33:tum tu igitur demum id adulescenti aurum dabis, ubi erit locata virgo in matrimonium?
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 52.—Tum introducing the apodosis.(α).Referring to definite past time (tum always = deinde):(β).ubi eorum dolorem majorem quam ceterorum cognovi, tum meum animum in illos, tum mei consilii causam proposui, tum eos hortatus sum, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; Sall. J. 94, 3:ubi illuxit, et Romanis Punica et Gallica arma cognita, tum dubitationem exemere,
Liv. 25, 10, 5; 1, 9, 10; 4, 57, 3; 9, 43, 16; 21, 25, 12; 23, 11, 4.—Referring to indefinite time:(γ).post ubi tempust promissa jam perfici, Tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,
Ter. And. 4, 1, 8: Cato, R. R. 3 init.; 17:ubi jam morbi se flexit causa... Tum quasi vaccillans primum consurgit,
Lucr. 3, 503; 6, 129; 6, 526.—Referring to future time:C.otium ubi erit, tum tibi operam ludo et deliciae dabo,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 13; id. Stich. 4, 2, 14:ubi tu voles, Ubi tempus erit, sat habet si tum recipitur,
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 32; Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 18; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 72; id. Pers. 4, 7, 19; id. Cas. 3, 2, 27:ut ubi id interrogando argumentis firmavero, tum testes ad crimen accommodem,
Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 55:ubi haerere jam aciem videris, tum terrorem equestrem infer,
Liv. 6, 12, 10; 22, 55, 8.—With a temporal clause introduced by postquam.1.Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):2.Flaminius qui ne quieto quidem hoste ipse quieturus erat, tum vero postquam res sociorum ante oculos prope suos ferri vidit, suum id dedecus ratus, etc.,
Liv. 22, 3, 7; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 (v. infra, III. A. 2. a. b).—Tum introducing the apodosis (always = deinde).(α).Referring to definite past time:(β).posteaquam e portu piratae exierunt, tum coeperunt quaerere homines, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 100; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40 (al. tunc):postquam satis virium collectum videbat, tum ex suis unum sciscitatum Romam ad patrem misit,
Liv. 1, 54, 5; 3, 66, 5; 6, 13, 4; 22, 48, 4; 25, 10, 6; Gell. 5, 3, 6.—Referring to indefinite time: postquam vero commoditas quaedam... dicendi copiam consecuta est, tum ingenio freta malitia pervertere urbes adsuevit, Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 3.—D.With a temporal clause introduced by ut.1.Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):2.tum vero ingentem gemitum dat Ut spolia, ut currus, utque ipsum corpus amici... conspexit,
Verg. A. 1, 485; cf. id. ib. 12, 218.—Tum introducing the apodosis.(α).Of definite past time:(β).nam ut dudum adcurrimus ad Alcesimarchum... tum mi, puto, prae timore hic excidisse Cistellam,
Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 46:sed ut intellectum est quantam vim haberet accurata... oratio, tum etiam magistri dicendi multi subito exstiterunt,
Cic. Brut. 8, 30; id. Phil. 9, 4, 9; Liv. 24, 44, 10; id. 21, 54, 9; 23, 34, 6.—Referring to future time:E.neque ut quaeque res delata ad nos erit, tum denique scrutari locos debemus,
Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 146:traditum esse ut quando aqua Albana abundasset, tum, si eam Romanus rite emisisset, victoriam de Vejentibus dari (= si quando),
Liv. 5, 15, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.—With a temporal clause introduced by quando.1.Tum as antecedent of the clause.(α).Of definite past time:(β).auctoritatem senatus exstare sentio, tum, quando Alexandro mortuo, legatos Tyrum misimus,
Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 41.—Of future time:2.at scire tum memento quando id quod voles habebis,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 41; id. Mil. 3, 1, 213; id. Most. 3, 1, 136; id. Men. 5, 7, 57:utinam tum essem natus quando Romani dona accipere coepissent,
Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75.—Tum introducing the apodosis.(α).Of indefinite time (quando = whenever):(β).quando esurio tum crepant (intestina),
Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 27; id. Truc. 1, 1, 15; id. Ps. 4, 7, 85:quando mulier dotem marito dabat, tum quae ex suis bonis retinebat reciperare dicebatur,
Gell. 17, 6, 6; 7 (6), 14, 4.—Of future time:F.at tu, quando habebis, tum dato,
Plaut. Men. 3, 3, 23:quando ab eadem parte sol eodemque tempore iterum defecerit, tum signis omnibus ad principium revocatis, expletum annum habeto,
Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:quando mihi usus venerit, tum quaeram ex te atque discam,
Gell. 6 (7), 17, 4.—In the apodosis after simul ac:G.an simul ac nubes successere, ipse in eas tum Descendit (Juppiter), prope ut hinc teli determinet ictus?
Lucr. 6, 402.—With a temporal clause introduced by dum.1.Tum as antecedent:2.sanctius visum est nomen Augusti, ut scilicet jam tum dum colit terras, ipso numine ac titulo consecretur,
Flor. 2, 33, 66 (4, 12, 66).—Tum introducing the apodosis:H.dum habeat, tum amet,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 23:dum se glomerant... tum pondere turris Procubuit,
Verg. A. 9, 540.—As antecedent of quamdiu:K.qui cum tibi amicus non modo tum fuerit quamdiu tecum in provincia fuerit, verum etiam nunc sit cum, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58.—Denoting a logical consequence after quando and cum:L.quando ergo erga te benignus fui... tum te mihi benigne itidem addecet... referre gratiam,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 35:cum magnus numerus deesset, tum iste homo nefarius in eorum locum... substituere coepit cives Romanos,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72.—After relative clauses denoting time: qua tempestate Paris Helenam innuptis junxit nuptiis, Ego tum gravida expletis jam fere ad pariendum mensibus, Poet. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 219 (Trag. Rel. p. 246 Rib.).—M.With conditional clauses.1. (α).Tum as antecedent of clause:(β).tum pol ego interii, homo si ille abiit,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 6; id. Men. 2, 2, 71; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 40:si tenuis causa est, tum etiam argumentandi tenue filum,
Cic. Or. 36, 124; id. Rep. 1, 40, 62; 2, 9, 15; id. Fin. 1, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 13; id. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:tum vero ego nequiquam Capitolium servaverim si civem in servitutem duci videam,
Liv. 6, 14, 4; 3, 9, 11; 6, 14, 4; 7, 34, 14; Cato ap. Plin. 29, 1, 7, § 14; Gell. 2, 12, 1 sq.; 4, 13, 1; 14, 2, 21.—Tum introducing the apodosis:2.si triduum hoc hic erimus, tum arbores in te cadent,
Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 30; id. Rud. 5, 2, 59; 3, 4, 49; id. As. 1, 3, 89; id. Rud. 1, 3, 13; id. Ps. 4, 1, 1; 4, 1, 48 (39); Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 64; 3, 1, 17; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 19; Cato, R. R. 26; cf. id. ib. 27:quod si, ut spero, cepero, tum vero litteras publice mittam,
Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3; id. Div. 1, 44, 100; cf. id. Ac. 2, 10, 32; id. Fin. 2, 4, 79; id. N. D. 3, 36, 87; id. Rep. 1, 43, 66: id. [p. 1911] Rosc. Am. 49, 142:si dimicandum erit, tum tu in novissimos te recipito,
Liv. 7, 40, 13; 8, 10, 12; Hor. S. 1, 2, 97; Ov. M. 7, 32.—Esp., denoting the consequences of perjury in ancient formulas of oaths: si ego injuste illos homines dedier mihi exposco, tum patriae compotem me numquam siris esse,
Liv. 1, 32, 7; 1, 24, 8; 22, 53, 11; hence, quid si falles? Me. Tum Mercurius Sosiae iratus siet, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 239; 3, 2, 52; id. Aul. 4, 10, 50; cf. also Liv. 3, 64, 10.—With a condition contrary to fact.(α).Tum, antecedent of clause:(β).tum esset ostentum, si anguem vectis circumplicavisset,
Cic. Div. 2, 28, 62; id. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:tum id audirem si tibi soli viveres,
id. Marcell. 8, 25; id. Fin. 4, 13, 33; id. Div. 2, 35, 73.—Tum introducing the apodosis:N.si quidem me amaret, tum istuc prodesset,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 56:quodsi omnia nobis quae ad victum pertinent. suppeditarentur, tum optimo quisque ingenio, totum se in cognitione et scientia collocaret,
Cic. Off. 1, 44, 158. —After an abl. absol.1. (α).Referring to definite past time:(β).ut morte ejus nuntiata tum denique bellum confectum arbitraretur,
Cic. Mur. 16, 34:sed confecto proelio tum vero cerneres quanta vis animi fuisset in exercitu Catilinae,
Sall. C. 61, 1:ita rebus divinis peractis tum de bello deque republica dictator rettulit,
Liv. 22, 11, 1; 2, 29, 1; 2, 29, 3; 3, 56, 1; 5, 50, 8; Plin. 11, 20, 22, § 68.—Referring to indefinite time:(γ).hisce omnibus rebus consideratis, tum denique id quod primum est dicendum, postremum soleo cogitare, quo utar exordio,
Cic. Or. 2, 77, 315.—Referring to future time (the abl. absol. = a fut. perf.):2.ita prope XL. diebus interpositis tum denique se responsuros esse arbitrantur,
Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 31; 1, 18, 54; id. Fin. 4, 13, 32; id. Scaur. Fragm. 10, 22.—With pres. participles (post-class.):III.tacentibus cunctis, tum ipse (dixit), etc.,
Just. 12, 15, 6.Particular connections.A.With other particles of time.1.Jam tum, already at that time, i. e. earlier than might be anticipated:2.jam tum erat suspitio Dolo malo haec fieri,
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 8; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 58; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 34:quippe etenim jam tum divom mortalia saecla Egregias animo facies vigilante videbant,
Lucr. 5, 1169; 5, 1037:ut mihi jam tum divinasse ille (Romulus) videatur hanc urbem sedem aliquando summo esse imperio praebituram,
Cic. Rep. 2, 5, 10; 2, 7, 12; id. Div. 2, 57, 118; id. Tusc. 4, 2, 4:jam tum in Palatio monte Lupercal hoc fuisse ludicrum ferunt,
Liv. 1, 5, 1; 1, 7, 16; 1, 41, 7; 10, 21, 14;24, 49, 1: ut jam tum qualis futurus esset ostenderet,
Suet. Dom. 1; Curt. 4, 6, 29.—Tum demum and tum denique, then only, then at length, then at last, not till then, i. e. later than might be expected, implying delayed action.a.Tum demum.(α).In gen.:(β).adversisque in rebus noscere qui sit. Nam verae voces tum demum pectore ab imo Eiciuntur,
Lucr. 3, 58:tum demum Liscus, oratione Caesaris adductus, quod antea tacuerat proponit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 5, 33; Sall. J. 46, 1:nec ante in campum degressi sunt quam, etc. Tum demum castra Etruscorum pro moenibus Fidenarum posita,
Liv. 4, 17, 12; 45, 12, 6; 2, 20, 11; 5, 39, 2; 23, 19, 15 et saep.; Val. Max. 1, 6, 10; 1, 7, 4; Curt. 3, 12, 12; Tac. A. 3, 18; 3, 47.—In partic., referring to clauses introduced by cum, ubi, si, or abl. absol. (v. II. A. B. L. M.), denoting absolute restriction to the terms of the clause:(γ).imo etiam ubi expolivero, magis hoc tum demum dices,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 60:tum demum mihi procax Academia videbitur si aut consenserint omnes, aut, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 13:cum is Casilini eo die mansurum dixisset, tum demum cognitus est error,
Liv. 22, 13, 8; Vell. 2, 115, 4; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 fin.; 7, 2, 4; Curt. 3, 11, 6; Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 7.—Sometimes = nunc demum (anteclass.): victus es, Chaline. St. Tum nos demum vivere. Olympio. Gaudeo, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 65.—b.Tum denique.(α).In gen.:(β).tum denique tauros in gregem redigo,
Varr. R. R. 2, 5:injecta glaeba tumulus is (locus) ubi humatus est vocatur, ac tum denique multa religiosa jura complectitur,
Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57; id. Fin. 3, 22, 76; id. Tusc. 3, 26, 61: nequiquam temptati ut tum denique desisterent impediendo bello, Liv. 4, 55, 5; Ov. M. 4, 519; 7, 857; 10, 664.—Referring to clauses with cum, etc. (v. II. A. B. L. M.):3.tum denique homines nostra intellegimus bona quom quae in potestate habuimus ea amisimus,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 33:quo cum venerimus, tum denique vivemus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75; 3, 31, 75; id. Leg. 2, 4, 10; id. Rep. 1, 6, 11; so,tum denique si,
id. Fam. 14, 2, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, § 29; id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 1:indicandum primum fuisse, dein petendum praesidium, postremo ni impetraretur, tum denique querendum,
Liv. 23, 43, 2; Cato ap. Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 126 (for tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9, v. II. D. 2. a).—Tum primum (rarely primo), then for the first time:4. a.tum genus humanum primum mollescere coepit,
Lucr. 5, 1014:ludorum gratia quos tum primum anniversarios in circo facere constituisset,
Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 12; id. Sen. 21, 78; Caes. B. G. 7, 11:ponte sublicio tum primum in Tiberi facto,
Liv. 1, 33, 6; 2, 41, 3; 39, 22, 2; 2, 20, 6; 39, 49, 4; Vell. 2, 37, 5; Tac. A. 2, 27; id. H. 4, 57; Curt. 3, 12, 26. —Deinde tum (very rare):b.primum ea quae sumus acturi cogitare debemus, deinde tum dicere ac facere,
Varr. L. L. 6, 6, 62.—Tum deinde.(α).= tum demum or tum denique, then at length, not till then, then only:(β).nonne optime patronus occurrat prius conviciis luxuriae, etc., tum deinde narret de bonis Pallae? etc.,
Quint. 4, 2, 27; 12, 10, 11:emam, aedificabo, credam, exigam, honores geram: tum deinde lassam senectutem in otium referam,
Sen. Ep. 101, 4; Plin. 16, 44, 95, § 251.—So corresp. with cum:quas cum solus pertulisset, tum deinde comitia collegae subrogando habuit,
Liv. 2, 8, 3 (Weissenb. demum, by conj.); Col. R. R. 1, 6, 13. —= an emphatic deinde: nam praetermisit quod in prima parte sumere debuit;c.tum deinde eodem ipso quod omiserat quasi proposito ad confirmandum aliud utitur,
Gell. 2, 8, 3; 13, 24 (23), 1; Just. 2, 1, 19.—With hic:d.hic tum repente Pacilius quidam accedit, ait, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94:hic ego tum ad respondendum surrexi,
id. Clu. 18, 51; 27, 73:hic tum injectus est hominibus scrupulus,
id. ib. 28, 76; id. Sest. 11, 25.—Tum postea:5.tum postea complorantibus nostris, dies quidem tandem inluxit,
Gell. 19, 1, 3; so id. 14, 3, 10 (for quid tum postea, v. D. 1.).—With interim:B.unum, alterum, tertium annum Sassia quiescebat... Tum interim, Q. Hortensio, Q. Metello coss.... despondet ei filiam suam,
Cic. Clu. 64, 179.—With particles of emphasis.1.Tum vero (sometimes tum enimvero or enimvero tum), then indeed, at that crisis, then if not before, etc., or merely = emphatic then, denoting either coincidence or sequence of action.(α).In gen.:(β).discedit a Melino Cluentia. Tum vero illa egregia mater palam exsultare... coepit,
Cic. Clu. 5, 14; 22, 61; id. Agr. 1, 1, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 107:semper equidem magno cum metu incipio dicere... tum vero ita sum perturbatus ut, etc.,
id. Clu. 18, 51:tum vero dubitandum non existimavit quin ad eos proficisceretur,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8; 5, 37; id. B. C. 1, 82; 2, 42:Aruns Tarquinius et Tullia minor... junguntur nuptiis. Tum vero in dies infestior Tulli senectus... coepit esse,
Liv. 1, 47, 1; 2, 22, 6; 4, 49, 13; 10, 19, 12; 21, 45, 9; 21, 58, 5; Ov. M. 2, 227; 7, 685; Curt. 4, 13, 1; 3, 11, 5; Tac. Agr. 37.—And in enumerations:deinde... post autem... tum vero ipsam veterem Karthaginem vendunt,
Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5.—As correlative of temporal or conditional clauses, and after abl. absol.:2.quod ubi Romam est nuntiatum, senatui metum injecit ne tum vero sustineri nec in urbe seditio, nec in castris posset,
Liv. 5, 7, 4; Sall. J. 94, 3:tum vero... si,
Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 63; Liv. 6, 14, 4 (v. II. M. 1. a, b).—With cum, Liv. 32, 12, 1:quae postquam frustra temptata rogumque parari... vidit, Tum vero gemitus... Edidit,
Ov. M. 2, 621; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40; v. C. 1. b. (so, tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9; v. II. D. 2. and M. 1.).—Tum quidem, at that time, thereupon, then at least (usu. opposed to a later time): dixit sibi in somnis visum esse, etc. Et tum quidem incolumis exercitum liberavit; post triennium autem devovit se, etc., Cic. Div. 1, 24, 51; so,3.actum quidem,
id. Fl. 25, 59; id. Lael. 11, 39:et tum quidem ab Dio Perseus in interiora regni recepit se... post dies paucos, etc.,
Liv. 42, 39, 1; 1, 57, 10; 3, 2, 10;7, 17, 3.—Often in resuming the narrative after a digression: ac tum quidem regem... filium appellat,
Curt. 4, 7, 25.—Merely emphatic:Duillio Cornelioque coss. etiam mari congredi ausus est. Tum quidem ipsa velocitas classis comparatae victoriae auspicium fuit,
Flor. 1, 18 (2, 2), 7; so id. 1, 22 (2, 6), 20; 1, 40 (3, 5), 12.—With cum, Tac. Dial. 11.—Ne tum quidem, not even then:4.num quis horum miser hodie? Ne tum quidem, post spiritum extremum,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 37, 89; id. Div. 1, 26, 55; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, § 98:ubi ne tum quidem eos prodire intellexit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 50; 7, 53; Tac. H. 5, 21; Curt. 3, 2, 18.—With cum:ille vere ne tum quidem miser cum ab Oroete in crucem actus est,
Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 92; so id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57; id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59; Liv. praef. 12; 39, 39, 11.—Tum maxime (sometimes tum cummaxime).(α).Especially at that time, chiefly then: illi sumposia, nos convivia quod tum maxime simul vivitur, Cic. Fam. 9, 24, 35; id. Leg. 2, 11, 26.—With cum:(β).quae quidem vis tum maxime cognita est cum... M. Cato, legem suadens, in Galbam multa dixit,
Cic. Brut. 23, 89; id. Sest. 21, 47; id. Par. 4, 1, 29.—Just then, just at that moment (not ante-Aug.):(γ).regi, tum maxime captivos ex Illyrico vendenti,
Liv. 43, 20, 3; 1, 10, 1:per totam aciem vulgatum est, castra amissa esse, et tum cummaxime ardere,
id. 40, 32, 1; so,tum cummaxime,
id. 43, 7, 8:corpus enim suum a caupone trucidatum tum maxime plaustro ad portam ferri,
Val. Max. 1, 7, ext. 10; 2, 10, 2; 3, 2, 2 fin.; Curt. 3, 4, 14; 6, 6, 10; Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154; Quint. 2, 15, 30; 2, 61, 31; Suet. Caes. 65; id. Calig. 53.—So with cum:et quod tum maxime Abydum oppugnaret cum rex ab Attalo et Rhodiis ultro se bello lacessitum diceret,
Liv. 31, 18, 2; Sen. Ira, 1, 15, 2.—Strengthening the co-ordinate tum after cum, so especially; v. I. C. 3. e. b (for cum maxime... tum maxime and tum maxime... cum plurimum, v. II. A. 3. a. b.).—5.Tum potissimum = tum maxime, just then (rare):6.C. Caesar... tum potissimum acie commissa impeditos religione hostes vicit,
Front. Strat. 2, 1, 16.—Etiam tum.(α).Even then:(β).etiam tum vivit cum esse credas mortuam,
Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28:totum se Servilio etiam tum tradidit,
even then, at so late a time, Cic. Sest. 62, 130:etiam tum cum verisimile erit,
id. Rosc. Am. 20, 57.— So with cum, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154; id. Dom. 13, 23; id. Sest. 38, 81.—Still, as yet (also as one word; cf. etiamtum, and v. the foll. additional passages), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 19, § 41; id. Fin. 3, 14, 48; id. Rep. 2, 12, 24; id. Arch. 3, 5; id. de Or. 2, 3, 12; id. Brut. 20, 80; id. Off. 2, 14, 47; Caes. B. C. 3, 93; Liv. 5, 40, 10; Val. Max. 9, 6, 3; Tac. A. 3, 72; Suet. Claud. 27 fin.; id. Dom. 22.—7.And with a negation, = nondum: ipsa ego non longos etiam tum scissa capillos,
not yet long, Ov. H. 8, 79.—Tum etiam.(α).Followed by si or cum, even if, even when:(β).atque equidem filium Tum etiam si nolit, cogam,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 65:qui tum etiam cum... circumfusi erant caligine,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 45.—Then also, then too, besides:8.tum etiam illud cogitatote, sic vivere Cornelium ut, etc.,
Cic. Balb. 28, 65; id. N. D. 1, 16, 43; so id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Fin. 2, 16, 53; Col. 12 praef.—Tum quoque.(α).Also then, then likewise, then as before, then as on another occasion mentioned before: ceu lapidem si Percutiat lapis aut ferrum;(β).nam tum quoque lumen Exsilit,
Lucr. 6, 162:tum quoque homini plus tribui quam nescio cui necessitati,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 11, 28:tum quoque multis milibus Latinorum in civitatem acceptis,
Liv. 1, 33, 5; 2, 52, 2; 21, 22, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 37; Ov. M. 14, 369.—Even then, = etiam tum (rare):(γ).et tamen tum quoque se absentes triumphare credunt,
Liv. 45, 38, 13; 39, 41, 3; 39, 47, 11; Ov. H. 17 (18), 190.—In orat. obliq. (v. I. A. 2.), even now:(δ).quod si Romani tum quoque aequa aspernarentur,
Liv. 42, 62, 7. —= sic quoque, even under the circumstances, even as it was, etc. (v. sic, V. 3.): ut si effugium patuisset in publicum, impleturae urbem tumultu fuerint. Tum quoque [p. 1912] aliquotiens integro corpore evaserunt, Liv. 24, 26, 13; 40, 16, 6; 43, 4, 1;9.9, 13, 9: tum quoque, amputata dextra, navem sinistra comprehendit,
Just. 2, 9, 18.—Tum ipsum = eo ipso tempore, at the very time, just then, even then (only in Cic. in four passages; cf.:C.nunc ipsum): tota igitur ratio talium largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum... moderanda est,
Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:quem quidem cum sua voluntate ex patria Karthaginem revertisset, tum ipsum cum vigiliis et fame cruciaretur, clamat virtus beatiorem fuisse quam Thorium,
id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv. ad loc.:tum ipsum cum immolare velis extorum fieri mutatio potest,
id. Div. 1, 52, 118:ita (oratores), non injuria, quotienscunque dicerent, id quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,
id. Or. 1, 27, 123.—Tum with co-ordinating particles.1.Tum autem.(α).= praeterea, and then, besides (v. I. C. 1.): turpilucricupidum te vocant cives tui;(β).tum autem sunt alii qui te volturium vocant,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 64:oves scabrae sunt... Tum autem Surorum nemo exstat qui ibi sex menses vixerit,
id. ib. 2, 4, 141; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 4, 2, 3; id. Poen. 5, 5, 34; 5, 7, 22; Ter. And. 1, 5, 34; id. Eun. 5, 9, 7; id. Hec. 2, 1, 14; 3, 2, 10:tum autem qui non ipso honesto movemur... callidi sumus, non boni,
Cic. Leg. 1, 14, 41; id. Or. 1, 58, 247; 2, 19, 80.—= tum... tum:(γ).visne igitur inter hos populos inambulantes, tum autem residentes quaeramus eisdem de rebus?
Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 15.—= eo tempore, with autem as connective:(δ).tum illic autem Lemnius... uxorem duxit, etc.,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 25:tum autem ex omnibus montibus nives proluit,
Caes. B. C. 1, 48.—But in this instance:2.uxori emunda ancilla'st: tum autem pluscula Supellectile opus est,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 60; 5, 7, 25 sq.—For tum etiam, v. B. 7. b.—3.Tum praeterea:4.nam tui similis est probe. Tum praeterea talem, nisi tu, nulla pareret filium,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 20; so id. Ad. 3, 2, 47; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33; Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56 (v. I. C. 3. e. l).—Tum porro:D.tum porro venti magnam quoque tollere partem Umoris possunt,
Lucr. 6, 623; 4, 829 (827).—Quid tum?1.In dialogue, what then? what next? what further? novi ego hos pugnos meos. Ca. Quid tum? Th. Quid tum? Rogitas? Hisce ego, si tu me inritaveris, placidum te hodie reddam, Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 49; so id. As. 2, 2, 83; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 47; 3, 5, 66; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 8.—And strengthened:2.quid tum postea?
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; id. As. 2, 2, 68; 2, 2, 79; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 78; 4, 2, 9; 4, 7, 23; id. Ad. 4, 5, 15; id. Hec. 4, 1, 36: videsne abundare me otio? A. Quid tum? Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 26.—In imitation of a dialogue:3.at mulctantur bonis exsules. Quid tum? Parumne multa de toleranda paupertate dicuntur?
Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107; so id. Quint. 22, 72; 27, 84; id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 132; id. Dom. 47, 123; id. Dejot. 7, 22; id. Phil. 1, 10, 26; Hor. S. 2, 3, 230.—As emphatic co-ordinative in quoting the different items of a document, law, etc.: quive in senatu sententiam dixit, dixerit. Quid tum? Qui eorum coiit, coierit, etc., what next? i. e. and then, listen! Cic. Clu. 54, 148; so id. Agr. 1, 5, 16; 3, 3, 11; id. Mur. 12, 26; id. Fl. 23, 55.—E.Tum temporis = eo tempore (post class. and rare; cf.:tunc temporis): postera die civitas principem suum, ac tum temporis consulem in foro expectabat,
Just. 31, 2, 6.
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